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From the ethyl acetate extract of the cultivated mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), two new flavonoid derivatives with a fused dihydrochalcone partial moiety were isolated, and named kuwanons K and L. The structures of kuwanons K and L were shown to be 1 and 2 respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Kuwanons K ( 1) and L ( 2) are regarded biogenetically as Diels-Alder adducts of a chalcone derivative and a dehydroprenylflavonoid derivative, and are the first example of a flavonoid derivative possessing a cyclohexene ring at a B ring of a flavonoid derivative.

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The application of optical fiber cable technology has initially been adopted by the telecommunication industry and has been dramatically expanded to many other fields since the year 1980. The technology has eventually been brought to the oil and gas industry as the form of sensing device, i.e. Distributed Temperature Sensing, DTS, which aims at measuring real-time temperature distribution in the downhole, since the year 2000. The recognition to DTS as an extremely powerful tool for well monitoring, optimization of production operation, etc. has been gained ever since successful installation and monitoring cases have been accumulated. Currently, DTS has been established as a popular well monitoring and production optimization technology and is expected to gain the market in the industry. On the other hand, more advanced Distributed Sensing technologies are desired to be developed by the industry due to its movement toward Smart Technologies including Smart Well, Smart Field, etc. In this paper, the authors intend to introduce a prototype DPTS, Distributed Pressure and Temperature Sensing, measurement system and field pilot tests conducted in a dissolved-in-water type natural gas field in the southern Kanto district. Field tests have been successfully conducted in 2 wells, a observation well and a producing well. As a result, the DPTS system has been proved to have practical use in monitoring pressure and temperature distribution in a downhole with more improved accuracy than conventional devices in dissolved-in-water type natural gas fields similar to the one that has been tested. Based on the positive outcomes, the authors have come to consider that the deployment of the current DPTS system to conventional oil and gas wells would be highly potential, which would provide a better downhole monitoring, a better well management and a production optimization in those wells, in the near future.