Phlebotomine vectors transmit parasites and can cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or cutaneous leishmaniasis (TL). Phlebotomine females are hematophagous but need to ingest carbohydrates, possibly promoting the development of protozoan parasites in their digestive tract. The present study evaluated the species composition and abundance across several habitats in a metropolitan landscape, as well as associations among phlebotomines, plants, and local climatic parameters. Three consecutive monthly collections were carried out in an Atlantic Forest fragment, using CDC light traps in peridomestic areas and cashew, coconut, and mango tree.plantations. Eight species of phlebotomine were captured: Evandromyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Sciopemyia sordellii, Evandromyia walkeri, Psychodopygus wellcomei, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Nyssomyia intermedia, primarily from the forest environment. L. longipalpis was confirmed as a species adapted to anthropic environments, while P. wellcomei was shown to be predominately forest-dwelling. Phlebotomines exhibited diversified food consumption patterns in relation to carbohydrate sources. They fed on both native and exotic species of arboreal and shrubby vegetables and gramineous plants. Journal of Vector Ecology 38 (2): 307-316. 2013.

BackgroundPrevious works showed that immunization with saliva from Lutzomyia intermedia, a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, does not protect against experimental infection. However, L. braziliensis is also transmitted by Lutzomyia whitmani, a sand fly species closely related to Lu. intermedia. Herein we describe the immune response following immunization with Lu. whitmani saliva and the outcome of this response after L. braziliensis infection.Methods and findingsBALB/c mice immunized with Lu. whitmani saliva developed robust humoral and cellular immune responses, the latter characterized by an intense cellular infiltrate and production of IFN-γ and IL-10, by both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Mice immunized as above and challenged with L. braziliensis plus Lu. whitmani saliva displayed significantly smaller lesions and parasite load at the challenge site. This protection was associated with a higher (p<0.05) IFN-γ production in response to SLA stimulation. Long-term persisting immunity was also detected in mice immunized with Lu. whitmani saliva. Furthermore, individuals residing in an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) presented antibody responses to Lu. whitmani saliva. However CL patients, with active lesions, displayed a lower humoral response to Lu. whitmani saliva compared to individuals with subclinical Leishmania infection.ConclusionPre-exposure to Lu. whitmani saliva induces protection against L. braziliensis in a murine model. We also show that Lu. whitmani salivary proteins are immunogenic in naturally exposed individuals. Our results reinforce the importance of investigating the immunomodulatory effect of saliva from different species of closely related sand flies.

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RESUMOO acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) representa uma emergência caracterizada por um déficit neurológico súbito causado pela isquemia do tecido cerebral. A síndrome de Opalski é uma manifestação da síndrome de Wallenberg, ela se caracteriza por ser um tipo não muito frequente de AVC que se caracteriza por presença de hemiplegia ipsilateral à lesão e sintomas associados à síndrome medular lateral. Os sinais e sintomas ipsilaterais à lesão do sistema nervoso é devido a lesão do trato corticoespinhal após a decussação das pirâmides. O exame complementar de imagem, por meio de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética são indispensáveis para conclusão diagnóstica. O tratamento é o mesmo para AVC, requerendo a análise de sinais e sintomas, exames de imagem para uma conduta terapêutica adequada.

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Introduction: skeletal abnormalities in the cervical region are of great interest to anatomists and other health professionals. Fused cervical vertebrae (FCV) correspond to an important skeletal abnormality due to the fusion of two or more vertebrae. Case Report: owing to its clinical and embryological importance, herein, a case of cervical synostosis among a collection of anatomical pieces from a public university is reported. FCV were evidenced between the C5 and C6 vertebrae, with noticeable fusion of the vertebral bodies. Conclusion: the study of normal morphology and understanding of anatomical changes in the spine, such as FCV, represent the preponderant stage for the training of health professionals.

Among the subjects of Human Morphology seen in a medical school, there are Anatomy and Histology as the exponents of enormous importance for medical training. However, these subjects are always seen by students as monotonous and discouraging, due to the exhaustive memorization of complex structures. On the other side, TBL (Team‐Based Learning) is a dynamic learning method, which creates an encouraging and cooperative environment. On this scene, the current work aims to evaluate the use of TBL as the pedagogical tool for learning the subject of Morphofunctional Laboratory (LMF). For such, complementary TBL sessions to the class of Morphofunctional Laboratory were realized, where subjects related to Human Anatomy and Histology are worked with students of the Medicine School UNIME / Lauro de Freitas ‐ BA. Therefore, TBL sessions were executed during the semester of 2017.2, with weekly meetings in which knowledge related to LMF classes were applied following a sequence of activities that include previous stages to meeting with teachers and others assisted by them, being as follows: individual prepare (pre‐class), evaluation of preparing guarantee (study) and knowledge application. Before each session, the students have received an orientation about the approached subject, and then, they should study it based on bibliographic references. The class was randomly split into fourteen groups of 7 or 8 students. At the beginning of each session, an individual test was applied in 15 minutes. At the end of the time, students reunited in their groups to discuss the questions of the test. When a consensus was reached about the answers, they should mark a scratch card with the answers in it. When they answered any question wrong, they could try again (with minor score) or write an appeal, questioning and arguing about any answer that they were not according to. After this step, it was realized a discussion about the questions and the clinical application of the subject. When questioned about the new methodology, 78% of the students said that they preferred the TBL sessions and about 63% preferred this kind of approach for discussion of clinical cases. Thus, we conclude that the results suggest TBL has shown itself well accepted among academics in LMF activities. New activities that make students more autonomous in the teaching‐learning process and seeking more and more information must always be stimulated.Support or Funding InformationThere wasn't any Funding SupportThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.