The synthesis of functionalized aromatic and heteroaromatic amines has attracted much interest due to their importance as building blocks for pharmaceuticals, polymers, or materials. In this microreview, new developments involving palladium-, nickel-, and copper-catalyzed amination reactions are discussed. The synthesis of functionalized secondary amines or diarylamines by addition of polyfunctionalized arylmagne-
A general procedure for the preparation of C 3 -symmetric TREN derivatives with backbone chirality has been developed. Stereo-and regioselective ring opening by ammonia of (S)-N-tosyl-2-isopropylaziridine, obtained starting from either the corresponding amino alcohol or amino acid, followed by deprotection of the amino groups afforded the par-
Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test). This research proves that there is a need for (a) augmenting these standards and regulations as they do not consider real-life vehicle crash scenarios, and (b) one harmonised framework should be developed, which can be adopted worldwide. These outcomes will solve the battery manufacturers dilemma and will also increase the safety of EV consumers.
Prior studies comparing the effectiveness of different laboratory learning modes do not allow one to draw a universally valid conclusion, as other influences are mixed with the learning modes. In order to contribute to the existing body of work and to add another piece to the puzzle, this article demonstrates an improved methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-simulated laboratories in comparison to hands-on exercises using a battery basics practical course as a case study. Background: Computer-simulated experiments are becoming increasingly popular for conducting laboratory exercises in higher education and vocational training institutions. To ensure the consistent quality of laboratory learning, an accurate comparison between the results of simulated experiments and practical hands-on experiments is required. Intended Outcomes: In this article, the achievement of the following learning objectives were compared between the two laboratory modes: 1) comprehension of the most important parameters of battery cells and 2) knowledge on how these parameters can be determined using adequate experimental procedures. Application Design: To avoid interference of factors other than laboratory mode on the learning, laboratory instructions and experimental interfaces ensured identical execution of the experiments in the compared modes. Using a counterbalanced methodology, the two laboratory modes alternated by the session, while the experimental procedures remained constant regardless of the respective modes. Findings: Tests taken by the participants after conducting the laboratory experiments revealed that hands-on laboratories resulted in statistically significantly better student performance than simulated laboratories. This difference was even more pronounced for the participants that finished a vocational education and training program before the university studies.
Organic chemistry Z 0200 Modern Amination Reactions -[new developments involving palladium-, nickel-, and copper-catalyzed aminations of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds; 59 refs.]. -(KIENLE, M.; DUBBAKA, S. R.; BRADE, K.; KNOCHEL*, P.; Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 25, 4166-4176; Fachbereich Chem.,
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