Battery Crush Test Procedures in Standards and Regulation: Need for Augmentation and Harmonisation

Abstract

Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test). This research proves that there is a need for (a) augmenting these standards and regulations as they do not consider real-life vehicle crash scenarios, and (b) one harmonised framework should be developed, which can be adopted worldwide. These outcomes will solve the battery manufacturers dilemma and will also increase the safety of EV consumers.

Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges

“…Among them, the GB/T 31485-2015 standard safety test designed by China ensures the safe use of Li batteries to a certain extent. [152] The improvement strategies for the safety of Si anodes for LIBs involve two major approaches, i. e., microstructure engineering of Si anodes and the optimization of electrolytes and binders. [153] Microstructure engineering can alleviate the volume expansion of Si-based anodes, for instance, nanostructure and porous structure design.…”

“…Safety standards and relevant tests have been developed to analyze battery performance and influencing factors to meet the required safety requirements. Among them, the GB/T 31485‐2015 standard safety test designed by China ensures the safe use of Li batteries to a certain extent [152] . The improvement strategies for the safety of Si anodes for LIBs involve two major approaches, i. e., microstructure engineering of Si anodes and the optimization of electrolytes and binders [153] .…”

Managing the race to the moon: Global policy and governance in Artificial Intelligence regulation—A contemporary overview and an analysis of socioeconomic consequences

“…To ensure the safety and effectiveness of AI, it is essential to establish and adhere to rigorous standards, conduct thorough testing, and continuously evaluate and update regulatory frameworks to keep pace with technological advancements (e.g. [75]). As for the present model, a comprehensive list of conformity assessments cacated, which ought to be specified in future research and depending on the sector-specificity (cf.…”

The Application of Fuel-Cell and Battery Technologies in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Dynamic Study

“…The harmful influence of fossil fuels on the environment has convinced the authorities to set official targets to 100% phase out the sales or registrations of new internal combustion engines (ICEs) [1]. As alternatives, batteries and fuel cells are suggested to provide the required power for different applications such as cars, buses, and trucks [2]. The combined fuel-cell and battery system has been proven to be a suitable alternative for ICEs in the maritime sector [3].…”