RESUMO:Um dos materiais utilizados para a adequação do meio bucal no serviço público é o cimento produzido a partir de óxido de zinco e eugenol. Entretanto, o eugenol é uma substância citotóxica que pode desencadear alguns efeitos adversos. Por essa razão, procura-se substituir o eugenol por uma substância que apresente baixa toxicidade, mantendo ou mesmo melhorando as propriedades do cimento. O óleo-resina de copaíba é um produto natural, utilizado pelas populações amazônicas e reconhecido por suas propriedades medicinais. Baseando-se nas propriedades desse óleo-resina, na ação antimicrobiana comprovada do hidróxido de cálcio e na ação anti-séptica do óxido de zinco, propôs-se formular um cimento odontológico obtido da associação do ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 e óleo-resina de Copaifera multijuga Hayne e avaliar sua atividade antibacteriana através do teste de diluição em meio líquido frente às cepas padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) e S. sanguinis (ATCC 15300). Nesse ensaio, utilizaram-se os seguintes grupos experimentais: o cimento contendo ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 e óleo-resina de copaíba (G1) e cada um dos constituintes isoladamente, ZnO (G2), Ca(OH) 2 (G3) e óleo-resina de copaíba (G4). Todos os grupos analisados demonstraram atividade antibacteriana, o G4 apresentou os melhores resultados e o G1 mostrou-se um cimento promissor a ser utilizado em odontologia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between timing of permanent tooth emergence with overweight and obesity in children from Brazilian Amazon region. The studied population consisted of 192 children, 09 to 12 year-old, from public schools at Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil. Clinical examination was performed and the tooth emergence was evaluated according to the number of permanent erupted teeth. Body mass index z-score was calculated. For the statistical analysis 'Overweight/obese' group was compared with 'Normal weight' group in a case to control ratio 1:2. The t-test based on age was used for means comparison between the groups. A linear regression analysis using age and gender as co-variants was used. The established alpha was 5%. One hundred twenty-seven children were classified as normal weight and 65 were classified as overweight/obese (49 were overweight and 16 were obese). Overweight/ obesity condition was associated with the gender, in which boys had a higher chance to present higher weight conditions (OR=1.84; CI 95% 1.06-3.37; p=0.04). The mean number of permanent teeth was higher in the overweight/obesity group (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that nutritional status, gender and age were strongly associated with number of permanent erupted teeth (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that timing of permanent tooth emergence is associated with overweigh/obesity in children from Manaus, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in MMP8, MMP13, and MMP20 with caries experience and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in children from the Amazon region of Brazil. Den tal caries and DDE data were collected through clinical examination from 216 children. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva, and genotyping of selected polymorphisms in MMP8 (rs17099443 and rs3765620), MMP13 (rs478927 and rs2252070), and MMP20 (rs1784418) was performed using TaqMan chemistry and endpoint analysis. χ² or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare allele and genotype distributions between children with caries experience and caries-free children and between DDE-affected and -unaffected children with an established alpha of 5%. The polymorphism rs478927 in MMP13 was associated with caries experience and DDE (p < 0.05). The analysis performed comparing children with both conditions (caries experience plus DDE) and children with neither of the conditions (caries-free chil dren without DDE) demonstrated that children carrying the MMP13 rs478927 TT genotype were more likely to have concomitant occurrence of these two conditions (OR = 5.8, 95% CI 2.1–15.8; p = 0.0003). In conclusion, the genetic polymorphism rs478927 in MMP13 was associated with caries experience and DDE.

Background Oestrogen (ES) and growth hormone (GH) are hormones that may have a role in caries aetiology and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) since their receptors (ERs and GHR) are expressed during amelogenesis. Aim To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in the genes that codify the ERα (ESR1) and GHR are associated with caries experience and DDE in children. Design Two hundred and sixteen children of both genders, aged 9‐12 years, were examined and classified according to caries and DDE phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells in saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs1884051 and rs12154178) and GHR (rs297305, rs2940913, rs2910875, and rs1509460) were genotyped using TaqMan chemistry. Data were analysed by PLINK, while the chi‐square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions (alpha of 5%). Results A total of 131 children (60.7%) had caries experience, and 43 (19.9%) presented DDE. Genotype and allele distributions were not associated with caries experience (P > 0.05). Genotype and allele distributions between DDE, affected and unaffected, were associated with the polymorphism rs12154178 in ESR1 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) and with the polymorphism rs1509460 in GHR (P = 0.05 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs12154178) and GHR (rs1509460) are associated with DDE.

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Background and Aims: Animal models have been demonstrating that MMPs have an important function in the tooth eruption process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in MMP8 and MMP13 and delayed tooth eruption of permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study selected 216 children, 9- to 12-year-old, from public schools at Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. During oral clinical examination, each permanent tooth emerged in the oral cavity was evaluated. Children were considered with delayed tooth eruption when at least one permanent tooth was delayed and were classified in 2 groups: children “with delayed tooth emergency” and “without delayed tooth emergency.” Saliva samples were collected from DNA extraction. The genetic polymorphisms rs17099443 and rs3765620 in MMP8, and rs478927 and rs2252070 in MMP13 were genotyped. Statistical Analysis: PLINK V1.07 ( http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/purcell/plink/ ) and GraphPad Prism 5.0 (San Diego, CA, USA) were used. The c2 or Fisher exact test was used to calculate genotypes and alleles distributions. To compare the mean number of delayed teeth according to genotypes, the Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison Dunn test was used. The established alpha for all comparisons was .05. Results: The polymorphism rs17099443 in MMP8 was associated with delayed tooth eruption in the genotype distribution ( P = .05). In the allele distribution, the C allele was underrepresented in children with delayed tooth eruption ( P = .01; OR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.9). Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism rs17099443 in MMP8 is associated with delayed tooth eruption.

Vasconcelos, KRF. Vasconcelos, KRF. Association between dental caries lesions and developmental enamel defects with body mass index and with polymorphisms in genes encoding metalloproteinases 8, 13 and 20 in children from Manaus-AM.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between genetic polymorphisms in DEFB1 (rs1799946 and rs11362) and the development of gingivitis in children from the Amazon region of Brazil. Methods The study included 27 healthy children, 10–12 years old, from public schools in Manaus. For the oral examination, the parameters described in the gingival index of Löe and Silness were used to identify the presence or absence of gingivitis. The dependent variable was categorized as “Yes” for children with gingivitis (experimental group; n = 10) and “No” for children without gingivitis (control group; n = 17). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva, the selected polymorphisms in the DEFB1 gene (rs1799946 and rs11362) were genotyped by TaqMan PCR and an endpoint analysis was performed. Genotypic and allelic distribution between groups was performed using the Fisher's exact test with an established alpha of 5%. Results It was found that evaluated SNPs in the DEFB1 gene (rs1799946 and rs11362) were not associated with gingivitis (p > 0.05). Conclusion The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of references rs1799946 and rs11362 in the DEFB1 gene had no function on gingivitis, promoting neither harmful nor beneficial effects, in children.