Mosquito-borne viruses cause diseases of great public health concern. Arboviral disease case distributions have complex relationships with socioeconomic and environmental factors. We combined information about socio-economic (population, and poverty rate) and environmental (precipitation, and land use) characteristics with reported human cases of arboviral disease in the counties of Alabama, USA, from 2007–2017. We used county level data on West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), California serogroup virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Saint Louis encephalitis virus to provide a detailed description of their spatio-temporal pattern. We found a significant spatial convergence between incidence of WNV and poverty rate clustered in the southern part of Alabama. DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV cases showed a different spatial pattern, being mostly located in the northern part, in areas of high socioeconomic status. The results of our study establish that poverty-driven inequities in arboviral risk exist in the southern USA, and should be taken into account when planning prevention and intervention strategies.
1. Stable nucleic acid storage and preservation in resource limited settings is often a barrier to widespread pathogen surveillance. 2. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) filter paper has a long history of preserving nucleic acid in whole blood, we tested extending this technology to the room temperature storage of DNA extract. 3. We found that DNA extracted from whole mammalian blood can be stored at room temperature on DBS filter paper, then washed with the buffer solution Tris-HCL, and used in downstream PCR analysis with results comparable to PCR performed on DNA extracted from whole blood dried on DBS filter paper which is the gold standard. 4. The success of this method means DNA can be stored at room temperature making sharing genomic samples easier by eliminating the need for cold chain.
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