Bacillus cereus pneumonia is unusual in nonimmunocompromised hosts. We describe fatal cases in 2 metalworkers and the associated investigation. Anthrax toxin genes were identified in B. cereus isolates from both patients using polymerase chain reaction. Finding anthrax toxin genes in non-Bacillus anthracis isolates has, to our knowledge, only been reported once previously.

Collectively, the results demonstrate a persistent problem with chronic fatigue in this study population, likely reflective of continued inadequate opportunities for recovery and restorative sleep.

Accommodating adolescent sleep patterns significantly improves mental health and performance in the training environment.

It was possible to identify four recurrent error pathways associated with the four types of HFACS active failures within this sample of RPA mishaps. Two of these error pathways, accounting for 57% of crewmember-related mishaps, were consistent with situation awareness errors associated with perception of the environment.

In this study population, age and elapsed time since baseline audiogram were modestly associated with decreased hearing sensitivity and increased likelihood for a non-H1 hearing profile. Aircraft type, as determined from Air Force Specialty Code, was not associated with changes in hearing sensitivity by STS metric.Greenwell BM, Tvaryanas AP, Maupin GM. Risk factors for hearing decrement among U.S. Air Force aviation-related personnel. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):80-86.

A major proportion of aircraft pilots may participate in healthcare avoidance behavior due to fear of aeromedical certificate loss. This may result in delayed or limited medical care in pilots with new or chronic medical conditions.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTBackground: This study was a 10-year cross sectional analysis of human factors in U.S. military UAV mishaps. Methods: Class A-C UAV mishap reports were reviewed and human factors coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Binary logistic regression was used to create models predicting unsafe operator acts. Results: 133/221 (60.2%) UAV mishaps were human related. Predictors of unsafe acts were technological environment and cognitive factors in the Air Force (P < 0.010), organizational processes, psycho-behavioral factors, and crew resource management in the Army (P < 0.001), and work and attention and risk management in the Navy (P < 0.025). The frequency of specific types of unsafe acts differed between the services with skill-based errors more common in the Air Force (P = 0.001) and violations in the Army (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Recurring latent failures at the organizational, supervisory, and preconditions levels contributed to more than half of UAV mishaps. The patterns of latent failures and unsafe acts differed between the services. SUBJECT TERMSUnmanned aerial vehicles, Uninhabited aerial vehicles, Remotely piloted aircraft, Remotely piloted vehicles, Human factors analysis and classification system, Accidents, Mishaps, Human factors. .............................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 5 Study Design ..................................................... 5 D ata ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Human Factors Classification using HFACS ............................................................. The rapid rise in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) employment has been accompanied by increased attention to their high mishap rates which are several orders of magnitude greater than manned aviation. Such high rates have negative implications for UAV affordability and mission availability and are unacceptable in light of the Secretary of Defense's challenge to "reduce...

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to