It was brought to the authors' attention by readers that ARDS was not adequately defined. The STAR Methods have now been updated with specific clinical (ventilatory and oxygenation) parameters used to qualify for ARDS along with accompanying references.
This paper considers the conceptual, ethnographic, ethical, and methodological implications of Geertz's influential metaphors of culture as 'text' and of fieldwork as 'reading.' In Morocco, one of Geertz's two long-term field sites, large segments of the rural population, Berberspeaking even more than Arabic-speaking, are unschooled and nonliterate. Women's rich expressive culture, including religious culture, is oral. Drawing on long-term fieldwork among Tashelhit-speaking Berber women in southwestern Morocco, I consider the language ideologies that shape women's attitudes toward the production and dissemination of religious oral texts. These ideologies complicate the supposed transparency of Geertz's literary/literacy metaphor. The paper reconsiders the possibilities of this metaphor for the anthropology of language, and locates Geertz's contribution and critical responses to it within the history of ideas and ethics shaping ethnographic research.At the heart of the interpretive anthropology Clifford Geertz pioneered, or at least popularised, is the metaphor of culture as text. He wrote in 'Deep play,' his description of the Balinese cockfight, that,
The tamazirt (homeland, countryside, village) has become an organizing symbol for Anti-Atlas mountain Ishelhin (Tashelhit-speaking Moroccan Berbers) that helps perpetuate Tashelhit language as an index of ethnic identity. Residents render rural spaces meaningful through gendered material practices and discursive representations. They construct place and gender in the course of their movements between the countryside and the city. I suggest that dislocation may be integral to the cultural process of rendering locations as well as identities meaningful. The subjective connection of Ishelhin to place gives less primacy to place as space than as a location in a nexus of mobile relationships, [anthropology of place, rural-urban relations, ethnicity, verbal expression, Morocco, Imazighen]
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