The virtual world has long been a focus not only of the gaming sphere, but also of the manufacturing and educational industries. The virtual world and its technology have many advantages, the basic ones being, for example, the use of experiential learning, with which the human brain can remember some things better and faster. It was due to the advantages of virtual reality technology that we decided to create an educational system on safety and health at work, and we focused on the healthcare segment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to the cooperation of a professional consortium, we created an educational system for safety and health at work and carried out several extensive laboratory measurements, the results of which we followed up in practical measurements with medical staff. The created system is inherently unique and applicable and can be used across several industries. The article presents three basic types of scenarios as well as an evaluation of satisfaction with the proposed system from test participants, i.e., nurses.
The article is focused on testing the mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of the selected protective clothing. Old anti-chemical protective clothing formerly used in tactical exercises (but never during a real intervention) was selected. Protective clothing has an expected lifespan when used correctly. When in use, external influences can negatively affect and function of these garments. The article describes the preparation of individual samples of protective clothing which were exposed to the effects of selected inorganic and organic chemicals, water vapor, UV radiation and long-term exposure to elevated temperatures. The prepared samples were subsequently torn on the tearing device, and the change of mechanical and physical properties was monitored. The stress at which the samples broke and the length they reached at the moment of breaking were measured. The exposure to individual chemicals, UV radiation and elevated temperature resulted in decreases in the modulus of elasticity in each case. The largest decrease was recorded in samples treated with hydrogen peroxide and the smallest in samples exposed to long-term thermal load.
For additive production, where the material is prepared by applying thin layers, a simplified designation 3D printing has been used. During this production volatile organic compounds and ultrafine particles are emitted into the air. A number of measurements for a given type of printer with a specific type of thermoplastic are published on this topic. The procedure of our measurement of the concentration of nanoparticles (10-700 nm) and their mean diameters can be called "field", because it took place in a real environment with mass deployment of 3D printing on the principle of FFF / FDM, with the measuring device moving between printers in various premises and activities:• in the production of parts intended for the assembly of printers, • in the manufacture of components for shields during the lockdown period associated with Covid-19, • in the creative workshops and laboratories of Prusa Research a.s.The aim of these measurements in real situations was to find measures to reduce the concentration of nanoparticles. Evaluation of the results was proceeded according to the ISO / TR 27 628 standard and determined a proposal of measures of a technological and organizational nature to reduce concentrations.Based on the results of our measurements these measures include (a) using central extract ventilation of the entire workplace, (b) separating the printer area from the workplace and using extract ventilation, and (c) filtering the air in the entire workplace using an air purifier. When adopting these measures, the financial requirements and technical feasibility must always be considered.
The paper deals with the formation of nanomaterials (nanoparticles and nanofibers) in the manufacture and use of respiratory protective equipment. It focuses mainly on processes leading to the release of nanoplastics into the workplace and the environment. Based on selected properties of materials used for the manufacture of protective equipment, their stability in the environment is revealed. The paper demonstrates the impact on the environment considering semichronic phytotoxicity of nanoplastics.
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