Purpose: To examine the relationships and precision of predictive REE (pREE) against measured (mREE) values in competitive strength-power athletes.Methods: Twelve male powerlifters and weightlifters (22.4AE2.6y, 175.2AE7.8cm, 92.0AE22.1kg) participated in the study. Upon waking and in a fasted state, each participant followed standard hydration and body composition protocols followed by an REE assessment using a metabolic cart. Each participant laid motionless in a reclined position with a respiratory exchange mask for 40 minutes. The final 30 minutes was averaged to determine mREE. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationships between mREE and pREE. Percent differences were calculated to determine over-underestimates between mREE and pREE values.Results: Large relationships were observed between mREE and pREE for both predictive equations (MSJ [r¼0.660]; WHO [r¼0.685]). Relative to mREE values, the over-under percent difference was greatest for MSJ (11.0AE12.3%) compared to the WHO (2.2AE12.0%). Conclusion:When dealing with athletic populations the WHO equation should be considered for dietary prescriptions considering that the pREE appears to be more indicative of actual energy needs.
Objectives The objective of this research was to examine if the serum levels of long chain omega 3 fatty acids (LCn-3 FA) or long chain omega-6 fatty acids (LCn-6 FA) were associated with affective symptoms and cognition in breast cancer patients beginning chemotherapy. Methods 60 women with breast cancer were assigned to a double-blinded randomized study of minocycline vs placebo. Serum was collected from 53 women at baseline and post-chemotherapy and was stored at −80C. Serum fatty acids (FAs) from 37 pairs of samples from both time points were extracted, methylated, then analyzed using gas chromatography. Changes in fatty acids were analyzed by using paired sample t-test. Cognitive and affective behaviors were measured by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version (BRIEF-A) test, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and UCLA 3 item Loneliness Scale. Associations between baseline FAs and cognitive and affective test scores were measured by Pearson correlations; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Preliminary results suggest there were significant increases in the following serum FAs from baseline to post chemotherapy: C14:0 (p < 0.05) and C18:1n9 (p < 0.05), and there were significant decreases in C18:0 (p = 0.01), C20:0 (p = 0.001), and C22:5n6 (p < 0.05). Baseline analysis, prior to chemotherapy, indicated a non-significant trend for EPA (20:5n3) (r = −0.27, p = 0.06) and the n-3/n-6 ratio (r = −0.27, p = 0.06) to be correlated with better (i.e., lower) scores on the BRIEF-A test. There were trends for correlations of total n-6 FA and better (i.e., lower) STAI score (r = −0.25, p = 0.07), and total n-6 FA and better (i.e., lower) Loneliness Scale scores (r = −0.24, p = 0.09). Conclusions There was a significant change in the serum FA profile of women with breast cancer from baseline to post-chemotherapy. There were non-significant trends for n-3 FAs to be associated with better executive function, and n-6 FAs to be correlated with less anxiety and loneliness prior to beginning chemotherapy. Future research will investigate associations among serum FAs, cognitive and affective tests post-chemotherapy. Funding Sources Stephanie Spielman Breast Cancer Center – Kroger Fund OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center Pelotonia Award.
The intestinal microbial population is recognized for its impact on cancer treatment outcomes. Little research has reported microbiome changes during cancer progression or the interplay of disease progression, dietary sugar/fat intake, and the microbiome through surgery and chemotherapy. In this study, the murine gut microbiome was used as a model system, and changes in microbiome diversity, richness, and evenness over the progression of the cancer and treatment were analyzed. Mice were categorized into four diet cohorts, combinations of either high or low sucrose and high or low omega-3 fatty acids, and two treatment cohorts, saline vehicle or chemotherapy, for a total of eight groups. Fecal samples were collected at specific timepoints to assess changes due to diet implementation, onset of cancer, lumpectomy, and chemotherapy. Akkermansia muciniphila abundance was very high in some samples and negatively correlated with overall Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) richness (r(64) = −0.55, p = 3 × 10−8). Throughout the disease progression, ASV richness significantly decreased and was impacted by diet and treatment. Alpha-diversity and differential microbial abundance were significantly affected by disease progression, diet, treatment, and their interactions. These findings help establish a baseline for understanding how cancer progression, dietary macronutrients, and specific treatments impact the murine microbiome, which may influence outcomes.
Objectives Incidence of anxiety is nearly three times higher in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women, and chemotherapy may increase risk. Chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation may contribute to anxiety. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), improve symptoms of anxiety in some studies. However, the effects of n-3 FAs on anxiety during chemotherapy have not been examined. We hypothesized that a diet enriched with n-3 FAs and low in sucrose would significantly improve anxiety-like behavior in chemotherapy treated mice. Methods Female, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice (7–8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: 2% kcal EPA + DHA or no EPA + DHA with low sucrose or high sucrose. After two and four weeks of diets, mice received a saline or chemotherapy injection (9 mg/kg doxorubicin + 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide), then continued on diets. Seven days after the second injection, mice completed a marble burying test to assess anxiety-like behavior and were sacrificed 10 days later. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined using negative binomial regression models. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and cortex was measured using PCR. Spearman correlations assessed associations of cytokines with anxiety. Results Twenty-one % of mice completely buried (i.e., 100% buried) at least one marble; 85% of mice partially buried (>50% but <100% buried) at least one marble. There was a significant n-3 FA effect on number of marbles 100% buried (P = 0.01); fewer marbles were buried by the 2% EPA + DHA group, indicative of less anxiety-like behavior in these mice. There was a significant interaction effect of injection and sucrose on number of marbles 100% buried (P = 0.03); in the chemotherapy group, mice fed low sucrose completely buried fewer marbles than mice fed high sucrose (P < 0.001), but in the saline group, there was no significant difference. There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.24, P = 0.04) between interleukin-6 in the cortex and number of marbles partially buried. Conclusions Our findings suggest that dietary EPA + DHA reduces, while sucrose and chemotherapy increase, anxiety-like behavior in our mouse model. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms. Funding Sources National Cancer Institute.
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