Dietary Impacts on Changes in Diversity and Abundance of the Murine Microbiome during Progression and Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

The intestinal microbial population is recognized for its impact on cancer treatment outcomes. Little research has reported microbiome changes during cancer progression or the interplay of disease progression, dietary sugar/fat intake, and the microbiome through surgery and chemotherapy. In this study, the murine gut microbiome was used as a model system, and changes in microbiome diversity, richness, and evenness over the progression of the cancer and treatment were analyzed. Mice were categorized into four diet cohorts, combinations of either high or low sucrose and high or low omega-3 fatty acids, and two treatment cohorts, saline vehicle or chemotherapy, for a total of eight groups. Fecal samples were collected at specific timepoints to assess changes due to diet implementation, onset of cancer, lumpectomy, and chemotherapy. Akkermansia muciniphila abundance was very high in some samples and negatively correlated with overall Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) richness (r(64) = −0.55, p = 3 × 10−8). Throughout the disease progression, ASV richness significantly decreased and was impacted by diet and treatment. Alpha-diversity and differential microbial abundance were significantly affected by disease progression, diet, treatment, and their interactions. These findings help establish a baseline for understanding how cancer progression, dietary macronutrients, and specific treatments impact the murine microbiome, which may influence outcomes.

Artificially sweetened beverages consumption and risk of obesity-related cancers: a wide-angled Mendelian randomization study

“…Concurrently, several studies have demonstrated a connection between artificial sweetener intake and weight gain, a relationship our research corroborates (53, 54). Yet, a more exhaustive examination is imperative to fully understand BMI's mediating role, and the mechanism might be involved in tied to modifications in gut microbiota, the release of gut hormones, and metabolic aggregation (55,56). For instance, research has shown that dietary patterns, including ASB, can impact the composition of gut microbiota, leading to the transformation of carcinogenic substances such as bile acids into metabolites like secondary bile acids and hydrogen sulfide, ultimately promoting the development of CRC (57).…”

Effects of dietary intervention on human diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

“… 301 The presence of Akkermansia , a mucin-degrading bacterium, is strongly associated with favorable outcomes in cancer patients. 302 Moreover, inulin, a polysaccharide dietary fiber, can enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy by increasing the abundance of beneficial commensal microbiota genera (e.g., Akkermansia , Lactobacillus and Roseburia ) and SCFAs, further increasing the number of stem-like T-cell factor-1 (Tcf1) + PD-1 + CD8 + T cells. 303 Similarly, oral administration of pectin, another dietary polysaccharide fiber, can largely improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mAbs by increasing the number of butyrate-producing bacteria, which is sufficient to promote T-cell infiltration and activation in the TME.…”