Background: Functional limitations after a stroke are unique to each person and often include impaired independent mobility. A reduction in existing gait deficits after a stroke is often one of the main goals of rehabilitation. Gait re-education after stroke is a complex process, which consists of the effects of many therapeutic interventions. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the effects of using a treadmill with visual feedback in gait re-education in the sub-acute stroke period and assess the impact of biofeedback treadmill training on selected gait parameters, improving static balance and reducing the need for orthopedic aids. Methods: The study included 92 patients (F: 45, M: 47) aged 63 ± 12 years, with post-ischemic sub-acute (within six months onset) stroke hemiparesis, treated at a neurological rehabilitation ward. All patients participated in a specific rehabilitation program, and in addition, patients in the study group (n = 62) have a further 10 min of treadmill training with visual feedback. Patients in the control group (n = 30) participated in additional conventional gait training under the direct supervision of a physiotherapist. The evaluation of static balance was assessed with the Romberg Test. A Biodex Gait Trainer 3 treadmill with biofeedback function was used to evaluate selected gait parameters (walking speed, step length, % limb loading, and traveled distance). The use of an orthopedic aid (walker or a crutch) was noted. Results: After four weeks of rehabilitation, step length, walking speed, traveled distance, and static balance were significantly improved for the study and control group (p < 0.05). Treadmill gait training yielded significantly better results than a conventional rehabilitation program. Only the study group observed a corrected walking base (p < 0.001). All participants showed a reduction in the use of walking aids (p = 0.006). There was no asymmetry in the % of limb loading for either group prior to or following rehabilitation. Conclusions: The treadmill with visual biofeedback as conventional gait training has resulted in a significant improvement in parameters such as step length, walking speed, static balance, and a reduction in the use of locomotion aids. However, the achieved improvement in gait parameters is still not in line with the physiological norm.
Reborn in 1918, from the very outset, the Polish State was confronted with the necessity of coping with an important internal issue-the one regarding the relations between ethnic Poles and the representatives of other nations who after 1923 became new citizens of the Polish Republic. Three basic factors seem to have determined the way in which the problem under discussion was dealt with in the inter-war period: 1/ the ratio of Poles to non-Poles and social differences between the two groups; 2/ interference of external forces; 3/ disputes which arose between those who opted for the building of mono-ethnic nation State and those who wished to see the restoring of a multinational Republic similar to that existing before the partitions in the 18th century. During the Second World War the problem of how to regain independence became again of crucial importance for all Poles. The problems connected with the ethnic minorities had quite naturally moved to the margin of political considerations. The Polish leaders stressed the need to grant national minorities the right to develop their cultural activity and secure for them the freedom of religious practice. The German minority, however, was excluded from this offer. It was demanded that the Germans as bearing responsibility for the suffering of the Polish people, should be forced to leave Poland. The effects of social-mechanisms that were decided in Yalta caused Poland to become a mono-ethnic state. The factors that determined it were as follows: 1/ the Nazi Holocaust which nearly occasioned the total physical annihilation of the Polish Jews community; 2/ displacement of the Germans from the lands granted to Poland; 3/ the lack of choice of a "new mother country" among Ukrainian, Byelorussians, and Lithuanian people, and automatic ascription of Soviet nationality to the former citizens of the Republic of Poland those of Slavic but non-Polish descent; 4/ settlement of the expelled Poles from behind the eastern border into the so-called "Recovered Territories". In turn, the imperative of integration and willingness to implement the rules in force in the structure of United Europe defined the status of national minorities in Poland after 1989.
IntroductionThe magnetic field is a method that has been used in physical therapy for over 20 years. Thanks to its biological effects on tissues, this therapy is used for pain relief, as well as regeneration, anti-inflammation, improving peripheral blood circulation, decreasing muscle tensions and decreasing oxygen depletion and oxygen debt. AimThe subject of this work is the presentation of the usage of the magnetic field as a method supporting treatment in orthopaedics, dentistry and neurology. MethodsThe authors conducted an analysis of scientific reports regarding the usage of the magnetic field in treating patients with different disease entities. These included treatment of patients with spinal pain syndromes, degenerative changes in patients after strokes and patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The authors noted the analgesic usage of the magnetic field in dentistry. ResultsThe magnetic field is successfully utilized in the treatment of patients with orthopedic ailments, such as degenerative changes or impeded bone fusion. It improves the ability to move, decreases symptoms of fatigue and regulates muscle tensions in patients suffering from neurological diseases. The beneficial effects of the magnetic field are also utilized in dentistry in the treatment of post-procedure inflammation or pain reduction.
IntroductionDue to high incidence and mortality, stroke is a very important medical condition. New therapeutic approaches are sought, including new rehabilitation strategies. An innovative computerassisted technology known as virtual therapy or virtual reality (VR) has been found to beneficially improve sensorimotor function lost due to stroke. AimThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the paretic upper limb in stroke patients. Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion -IRONS CelCelem niniejszej pracy jest ocena efektywności wirtualnej rzeczywistości w leczeniu usprawniającym niedowładnej kończyny górnej u chorych po udarze mózgu. Materiał i metodyAutorzy dokonali analizy doniesień naukowych, dotyczących rehabilitacji kończyny górnej u chorych po udarze mózgu, opublikowanych w PUBMED od początku 2014 do połowy 2017r. WynikiPo przeanalizowaniu dostępnych prac stwierdzono, że znacząca większość wyników (32 z 35 prac) wykazała pozytywne działanie metod rehabilitacji przy użyciu VR w procesie usprawniania po udarze mózgu. WnioskiMożliwości rehabilitacji w oparciu o VR u pacjentów po udarze mózgu nie są jeszcze dostatecznie poznane. Zdaniem autorów istnieje konieczność prowadzenia dalszych badań z wykorzystaniem ustandaryzowanych protokołów tak aby grupy pacjentów były duże, jak najbardziej homogenne a zastosowane technologie umożliwiały porównanie między ośrodkami badawczymi. Pozwoli to na rzetelne potwierdzenie skuteczności klinicznej VR w rehabilitacji.
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