No abstract

In addition to the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons, a combination of the two i.e., rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR), can also be observed in one year. The effects of the dry (D) and rainy (R) on soil are known, hence we hypothesized that the effects of the rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR) periods on soil may differ from the former assessments. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of six tillage treatments (ploughing—P, disk tillage—DT, loosening—L, tine tillage (a deeper—T and a shallower—ST) and no-till—NT) on earthworm abundance and crumb ratio during a long-term research (16 years) on Chernozems. The results related to the four year-groups (D, R, RD, and DR) with different residue cover. Seven degrees of cover ratio (between 12.5% and 62.5%) were selected on stubbles. Higher cover ratio (≥52.5%) improved water conservation, increased earthworm abundance (31 and 41 ind m–2) and crumb (78 and 82%) ratio (p < 0.001). R year came first in the rank of water content and earthworm abundance and DR proved to be more favorable for crumb formation. Considering the rank of soil tillage treatments, ST takes first place in evaluation of soil water content (SWC) and crumb ratio, and NT for earthworm abundance.

Scope of the study was to find more effective N fertilisation doses and applications to reach not only higher quantity but better quality grains as well as to be able to help preserving the continuity of feed and food quality improvement, since wheat is one of the most consumed crops all over the world.Samples of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties harvested from the experimental field of the Szent István University in two consecutive crop seasons had been examined in the laboratory of the Crop Production Institute. Effects of nitrogen (N) application on the performance of grain protein were tested. Five high quality winter wheat varieties were studied regarding grain quality traits affected by applying undivided and split doses of N. The evaluated samples show that increasing doses of N topdressing and increasing time of application have beneficial effects on the yield and the value of protein content. Wheat grain protein value ranged between 9.9% of the untreated Mv Karéj and Alföld, where the 120+40 kg ha-1 N was applied resulting in the highest value of 16.0%. Similarly, the gluten values among untreated and N applied plots were in a wide range. Mv Karéj had the lowest wheat gluten value on untreated plot with 18.4% and Alfold had the highest value with 36.8% on the plot where the 120+40 kg ha-1 N was applied. There were no significant changes recorded on test weight and thousand kernel weight. In the case of baking quality, there were significant differences between varieties. The best records were obtained in the case of Mv Toborzö followed by Mv Karéj.

The crops site provides a wide range of abiotic stresses to field crops. Successful protection against these impacts can be the use of adaptable cultivars. At the Crop Production Laboratory of the University of Hungarian Agricultural and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Hungary, maize Zea mays L genotypes of different geographic origin were exposed in an in vitro trial to various abiotic stress conditions (water supply representing poor and flooded state, temperature with suboptimal, optimal and high exposure, and saline and neutral environment). Samples of Hungarian and Malaysian hybrids were tested for viability, radicle and plumule growth under these conditions in four replications. The results obtained have proven that the various abiotic applications had altering effects on the germination performance of the seed samples studied.

Wheat is one of the most important cereal grains; it provides carbohydrate staple foods that form the basis of most diets around the world. Wheat production is endangered by Fusariumspecies which cause Fusarium head blight. Fusarium head blight is one of the most devastating diseases of small grain cereals. This disease not only causes grain yield losses, but also decreases wheat quality and causes the presence of harmful mycotoxins. The experiment was conducted during two growing seasons 2020 and 2021 at the experimental field and laboratories of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE). The aim of our study is to test the effect of Fusarium infection on wheat quality parameters. The wheat variety used in the experiment is Mv Kolompos. The results indicate that Fusarium infection in 2021 (94%) is higher than in 2020 (48.4%). The increase in Fusarium infection reduces wheat quality. Hence, it negatively affects protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight, falling number, gluten content and Zeleny sedimentation index. The higher the Fusarium infection the lower the value of wheat quality parameters.