This article investigates the roles that locally produced, processed and marketed food (Local Food System) play in rural tourism and local socio-economic development. It is the first account of a 3 years' research project (LO-KÁLI) exploring a successful Hungarian rural tourism destination, investigating both the demand side (what attracts tourists to pay for premium products/services); and the supply side (what attitudes, norms, values keep producers in their business). We contrast the externally perceived image ('genius loci') of the region ('Hungarian Provence', together with its cultural landscape, gastronomy, and social and environmental sustainability) with the impacts of the current development process on the environment and the general wellbeing of the local economy and society in reality. This article presents some of the theories and the analytical framework underpinning our project, alongside preliminary results on how the elements contributing to tourist attraction are perceived by locals and by visitors to the region.
There has been growing consumer demand for the products and services of the short food supply chains (SFSCs) in recent times. A procedure was developed to identify the technological and technological innovations that can improve the performance and competitiveness of the SFSCs. The needs of the SFSCs for innovative solutions were collected by interviewing 18 SFSCs from 9 countries. An inventory was prepared to contain 136 technological and non-technological innovations, meeting these needs. The innovations were collected from the good practices of the 18 SFSCs, experiences of the project partners and state of the art. The success factors and bottlenecks of each short food supply chain operation and their current value propositions were identified. From the inventory, those innovations were selected for each short food chain case study which can be applied to eliminate or reduce the bottlenecks or enhance the success factors leading to new, upgraded value propositions with increased added value for the consumers. The new, upgraded value propositions can serve as a starting point for developing a strategy for improving the competitiveness of a short food chain organisation through the application of innovations.
This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators of consumers purchasing from short food supply chains (SFSC). Eight focus groups were conducted with consumers in the rural and urban areas of Germany, Spain, Hungary and Greece. Participants generally felt that increasing the convenience of purchasing SFSC products (in terms of a proximal location and being able to purchase a wide range of produce in one place) was a prerequisite for them to buy such products. Food quality in terms of taste, freshness and organic status were also taken into account in purchase decisions, and there appears to be a greater focus on health rather than the environmental implications of organic production, although the environmental aspects are also appreciated. Some participants also like the idea of supporting their local community through purchasing from local producers and/or retailers. It was believed that small-scale production and SFSC result in better quality food, but participants had less confidence in the hygiene and food safety standards of SFSC compared to longer chains. Participants thought that consumers would purchase local food if they could more easily access a variety of local food in one place, such as through supermarkets, cooperatives, farm shops and markets, or an online platform that aggregates producers.
Az ammónia (NH3) a nitrogéntartalmú szerves vegyületekből, elsősorban a karbamid ésa fehérjék biológiai lebontásakor jön létre. A mezőgazdasági eredetű kibocsátások közvetlenül és közvetve az állati emésztőrendszerből, a trágya tárolásából és a talajból származhatnak. Az állattartó telepekből származó kibocsátásokra az állatfajok, a takarmány (N-kiválasztás hatása), az épület jellemzői (padló, szellőzés, hőmérséklet) és a trágya tárolása (külső hőmérséklet, a lefedettséghez használt anyag) hatással vannak. Az egyes légköri szennyező anyagok nemzeti kibocsátásainak csökkentéséről szóló 2284/2016-os, napjainkban is hatályos EU irányelv 2010-től kezdődően állapítja meg a kapcsolódó határértékeket. Ezen irányelv Magyarország tekintetében többek között (kéndioxid, nitrogén-oxid), előírja az ammónia kibocsátásának a csökkentését, amely az agrár-ágazat szempontjából a legjelentősebb. Az előírt határértékek a 2005-ös értékekhez viszonyítva 2020-ra 10%-os, míg 2030-ra 32%-os csökkentést jelentenek. Összegezve, az ammónia mitigációja (csökkentése) globális méretű, agrárágazati probléma. Kutatásommal egy átfogó képet kívánok alkotni a jelenleg hatályos kibocsátás-csökkentési szabályozásról nemzeti és nemzetközi szinten. A publikáció egy szakirodalmi áttekintést kíván adni az ammónia-emisszió csökkentésével foglakozó nemzetközi tudományos értekezésekről.
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