Five days after the Kelud Volcano eruption of 13 February 2014, lahar occurred in several channels of the Volcano. Rainfall with intensity of 26 mm/hour mobilized pyroclastic material from the upper slopes of Kelud Volcano down the channel during 3.5 hour. Using this eruption as a case study, the aims of this paper are (1) to study the geomorphic impact of lahars and (2) to study future hazards and risks due to the potential of lahar source material and lahar repose area. To reach these two goals, we use both primary and secondary data. The primary data comprises an integration of remote sensing, GIS approach, and fieldwork control, in order to investigate the geomorphic impacts of lahars. Secondary data were collected through interviews and statistical approach in villages, in order to determine their perception to the risk of lahar. Morphogenic processes such as riverbank erosion, channel-widening and riverbed downcutting took an important role in generating the impact of lahar in Kali Konto. The medial and distal areas were affected more largely affected than the proximal area. This major impacts have been river widening and buried crop field inside of the channel. This result allowed us to provide recommendation to population living along those areas at risk, in order to be prepared against the eventuality of potentially large and destructive lahars.Key Words: Lahar, Kelud, Geomorphic impacts, Risk AbstrakLima hari setelah letusan gunung berapi Kelud 13 Februari 2014, lahar terjadi di beberapa sungai dari gunung berapi. Curah hujan dengan intensitas 26 mm / jam membawa bahan piroklastik dari lereng atas Gunung Kelud ke lereng bawah selama 3,5 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan letusan ini sebagai studi kasus dengan tujuan (1) untuk mempelajari dampak geomorfik dari lahar dan (2) untuk mempelajari potensi bahaya dan risiko karena potensi sumber lahar dan pada lahar daerah tidur. Untuk mencapai dua tujuan tersebut, kami menggunakan baik data primer dan sekunder. Data primer terdiri dari integrasi penginderaan jauh, pendekatan GIS, dan kontrol lapangan, untuk menyelidiki dampak geomorfik dari lahar. Data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pendekatan statistik di beberapa desa, untuk menentukan persepsi mereka terhadap risiko lahar. Proses morphogenic seperti erosi tepi sungai, pelebaran alur sungai dan penghancuran tubuh sungai mengambil peran penting dalam menghasilkan dampak lahar di Kali Konto. Daerah medial dan distal yang mempengaruhi lebih sebagian besar dipengaruhi dari daerah proksimal. Dampak besar ini telah terjadi adalah pelebaran sungai dan terkuburnya persawah an. Hasil ini memungkinkan kami untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada penduduk yang tinggal di sepanjang daerah-daerah yang berisiko, untuk siap menghadapi kemungkinan dari lahar yang berpotensi besar dan merusak.
This research aims to find out the implementation of STEM module based on ICARE learning model approach regarding to the differences gender in mathematics abilities. This research is a Quasi Experimental Design with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The sample of this research was 2 clasess those were VII C and VII F, each classes consisted of 30 students, which 35 male students and 25 female students. To conduct the data, the researcher used test to control class and experiment class, then analyzed the data using SPSS 25.0. Based on the results of the two-way analysis of variance with different cells, showed that the ICARE learning model assisted by the module with the STEM approach and the PBL model assisted by students' worksheet on mathematical reasoning abilities, (gender differences in mathematical reasoning abilities, there is no interaction with the ICARE assisted learning model module with the STEM approach and PBL model assisted by students' worksheet with gender differences on mathematical reasoning abilities.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji dukungan: 1) kualitas inputsiswa, komitmen guru, dan sarana prasarana, 2) kualitas input siswa, 3) komitmenguru dan 4) sarana prasarana terhadap kemandirian belajar kimia di SMK Pancasila1 Wonogiri. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desainkorelasional menggunakan proporsional random sampling yang populasinya seluruhsiswa kelas XI, sebanyak 502 siswa. Data diambil melalui angket tertutup. Teknikpengumpulan data dibantu dengan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik Analisis Datamenggunakan Uji Regresi Linear Ganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) DukunganKualitas Input Siswa, Komitmen Guru, dan Sarana dan Prasarana secara serentakberpengaruh terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa yaitu dipengaruhi adanya sarana prasarana, dalam hal ini perangkat lunak komputer, 2) Dukungan Kualitas Input Siswaberpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa yang bermakna jikasumber daya manusia dapat efektif dan efisien maka suatu organisasi akan menjadimaju, 3) Dukungan Komitmen Guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap KemandirianBelajar Siswa yaitu mempengaruhi kinerja salah satu wujudnya muncul kemandirianbelajar siswa dan 4) Dukungan Sarana dan Prasarana berpengaruh signifikan terhadapKemandirian Belajar Siswa yaitu mendukung metode guru dalam pembelajaran yangsalah satu tujuannya membangkitkan sifat kemandirian belajar siswa.
One part of the hydrologic cycle which has a major influence in increasing the amount of river flow discharge is surface runoff. The higher surface runoff discharge, causing the possibility of surface flooding, therefore required an empirical model that can calculate the amount of surface runoff so as to produce updated data and quickly change according to their needs. One of the empirical methods that can be used to calculate the amount of surface runoff is by using the curve number method. This research is done by utilizing remote sensing image, that is, ALOS AVNIR-2. Data extraction from ALOS imagery includes land cover information using multispectral classification analysis, slope inclination information through visual interpretation, and land use interpretation. The runoff that occurred in Banjarnegara Regency tends to be high, that is, 61.24 percent of the total area of the research area. Large runoff with very high/extreme class spread on the form of hilly land to the old volcano complex at the study site. The runoff in the medium to low class only covers 3.56 percent of the total area and is distributed on the fluvial form with the flat-to-flat slopes. The result of analysis of runoff data is obtained from slope analysis and type of land use in the research location. Increasingly steep slope with little vegetation-land use, then the greater the runoff that occurs. Finally, the research result could be implemented into higher student class activity, especially in remote sensing classes, GIS, cloud computing, and big data analysis. By this process, the students will be improved their skills in analyzing imagery data as well as create new information derived from the remote sensing data.
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