The behaviour of hafnium as surface coating in biological environments has not been studied. Little is known about osseointegration of hafnium-coated titanium implants. Thus, further studies of hafnium coating under biological conditions are required in order to determine the suitability of this material, as a surface coating for biomedical application. The aim of the study is to analyse the difference between hafnium-coated titanium and uncoated titanium by evaluating the osseointegration ability of hafnium metal and mechanism of which promotes better bone integration. The study was conducted with a split mouth design on 16 Wistar Albino rats of both sexes, at the age of 6-7 months, weighing 2526.5 ± 74.4   g . Self-tapping titanium osteosynthesis screws ( 4   mm × 2   mm ) (LeForte System Bone Screw®) were implanted in the mandible of rats: Group A (pure titanium screws, n = 12 ) and Group B (hafnium-coated screws, n = 12 ). The implanted screws’ stability was checked and noted with a specially customised torque apparatus during insertion and removal of implant. The tissue sections were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome for bone and connective tissue examination, after 4 and 8 weeks of placement. Hafnium coating appears to have offered similar biocompatibility (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) enzyme assay), statistically significant improvement (independent Student’s t -test, p < 0.05 ) in insertion torque ( 25.42 ± 3.965 ) and removal torque ( 29.17 ± 2.887 ) than commercially pure titanium with insertion torque ( 22.08 ± .575 ) and removal torque ( 25.42 ± 2.575 ). Hafnium coating in the rat mandible showed promising osseointegration with good tissue biocompatibility. Further human trials of hafnium-coated implants are needed to understand the biological behaviour better to enhance clinical performance.

Aim:To evaluate and analyse the location and position of foramen ovale, jugular foramen and carotid canal morphometrically. Background: Since the articles about foramina mainly concentrate only on single foramen but this research is different in a way like analysing the three foramens present in the middle part of base of the skull with reference to their location and position in the skull. Reason: Evaluation of the location and position of foramen ovale, jugular foramen and carotid canal, morphometrically may predict the anatomical variation of the relative location. Materials and Methods: 60 dry unsexed skulls from the department of anatomy, Saveetha dental college, Chennai was used in the study.The distance of foramen Ovale, Jugular Foramen and Carotid canal from the mastoid process on the left sidewas measured using manual vernier caliper, the readings were tabulated. Result: The mean value for the distance between mastoid process and Foramen ovale is about 7.01 cms. The mean for the distance between mastoid process and jugular Foramen is quite less about 3.45 cm.The mean for the distance between mastoid process and carotid canal is about 4.76cm. Conclusion: Working knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the skull base is essential for effective surgical treatment of disease in this area. INTRODUCTIONAt the base of the skull the foramen ovale is one of the larger of the several opening that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the posterior part of the sphenoid bone, posterolateral to the foramen rotundum. The foramen ovale is a foramen in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. The foramen ovale is one of two cranial foramina in the greater wing, the other being the foramen spinosum [1]. The foramen ovale is posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum. Posterior and medial to the foramen is the opening for the carotid canal [2]. The foramen ovale is used as the entry point into the skull when conducting a Percutaneous Stereotactic Rhizotomy, a type of radiofrequency ablation performed to treat trigeminal neuralgia. Jugular foramen of human skull is one of the most interesting foramina [3]. It is a complex bony canal, numerous vital structures, including nerves and vessels are transmitted through it. Most of the intracranial and extra cranial lesions of posterior cranial fossa might affect the structures in jugular foramen in addition to intrinsic abnormalities [4].Hence, the present study was done to examine the anatomy of jugular foramen, including its morphological features and dimensions [6]. The jugular foramen is a large foramen (aperture) in the base of the skull [6]. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and behind by the occipital bone; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side.Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI and the internal jugular vein pass through the jugular foramen [7]. The carotid canal is the passageway in the temporal bone through which ...

Aim: To analyse and compare sexual dimorphism using intercanine distance of their maxillary and mandibular jaw. By using intercanine distance of live specimens, we can estimate sexual dimorphism in dry specimens in forensics.Objective: In forensics, for each and every victim, DNA sampling, genetic coding, etc having done can be quite time consuming and expensive. To find its gender is one of the most major difficulties a forensic expert might face while working in that specific case. By using intercanine distance that varies between male and female, we can conclude their gender. This method is considered to be cost nullifying method as well as an easy procedure to undergo. So if the results that we obtain from maxilla and mandible of live specimens are significant then we can use the same for dry specimens in forensics too.Reason: By the results obtained from maxillary and mandibular intercanine distance in live human we can conclude their gender in forensics. Conclusion:Since the current study and previous study results correlate with the results obtained from this study, we can thus conclude that using maxillary and mandibular intercanine distances is a great method to use as an indicator for sexual determination. INTRODUCTIONTooth morphometry is resistant to postmortem destruction and can be used as an adjunct in skeletal sex and age determination. (10) Studies have proven that no two oral cavities are alike and similar to fingerprints, odontometric measurements are also unique and can be used for sex identification. Hence, teeth make up a valuable tool in various forensic studies. (6) Odontometric studies have been used in the past for personal identification. (11) Hence, teeth make up a valuable tool in various forensic studies & have been used in the past for personal identification (7). Determination of sex plays an important aspect in the forensics field. It becomes the first priority in the process of identification of a person by a forensic investigator in the case of mishaps, chemical and nuclear bomb explosions, natural disasters crime investigations, and ethnic studies. In forensics, for each and every victim, DNA sampling, genetic coding, etc having done can be quite time consuming and expensive. To find the gender is one of the major difficulties a forensic expert might face while working in that specific case. Materials Used Vernier calliper  Disinfectant & Cotton  Around 50 patients were observed during this study. 25 of them were men and 25 of them were women. They were under the age category 25-45 years. METHODOLOGYWe measure the maxillary and mandibular intercanine distance by using the vernier calliper for 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) between the age groups 25-45 of good oral health. Firstly, the vernier calliper is adjusted in such a way that only the intercanine distance (distance between the two canines) are measured. First the maxillary intercanine distance of the patient is measured and recorded. Next the mandibular intercanine measurement is obtained. After usage, it is imp...

To show the accuracy of ultrasound studies in diagnosing impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint by correlating with arthroscopic surgery for operability of partial supraspinatus tendon tear. AIM: To correlate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis for intrinsic causes of impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint, correlation with arthroscopic surgery and operability for supraspinatus tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study done on 40 patients clinically diagnosed with impingement syndrome who underwent ultrasound assessment. Arthroscopic correlation was done in 38 patients. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: In our study of rotator cuff integrity assessment, ultrasound showed type-1 in 3(7.5%), type-2 in 10(25%), type-3 in 21(52.5%), type-4 in 3(7.5%) and type-5 in 3(7.5%) When compared to the arthroscopic surgery findings, Sensitivity and specificity of PTT was 85.5% and 75% respectively. On dynamic evaluation of shoulder joint for impingement, our present study showed grade-2 abnormality in 30 patients (75%) and 8(20%) patients had grade-1 abnormality, this was found to be statistically significant. DISCUSSION: ultrasonography can detect impingement syndrome and partial tear of the SST with high specificity and sensitivity, which makes it the most cost effective, noninvasive, rapidly performed, and widely available and most acceptable investigation to the patients.

The use of Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to identify the survival of Covid 19 patients in a novel way is the prime work. To forecast the survival of Covid-19 patients, The LR algorithm and the SVM algorithm are iterated 20 times with a sample size of 10.In comparison to the 86.4% accuracy of the logistic regression technique, the Support Vector Machine approach offers a 91.2% accuracy. In independent sample T-test, LR has a high level of significance. The range of this study, reveals SVM algorithm aids in data analysis and classifier performance.