Introduction Refinements in the modern computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques have led to anatomical variations in the fissures of lung being diagnosed more frequently. So far, majority of the studies conducted are cadaveric. There is paucity of studies in this aspect based on chest CT images. Hence, we undertook this study to find the anatomical variations in the fissures. Prior detection of anatomical abnormalities is important to reduce postoperative complications in lung resection surgeries. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years. Data were collected from the patients who underwent CT scan thorax. Patients in whom normal anatomy of lung was distorted and cases where both lungs were not visualized completely were excluded from the study. All the CT images were reviewed by a single radiologist. The presence or absence of the normal and accessory pulmonary fissures, as well as the continuity of each fissure, was recorded by the radiologist. Data were compiled and analyzed. Results The study population consisted of 394 (70.4%) males and 166 (29.6%) females, totaling 560 cases. Fissural variations were detected in 22.9% (n = 128). Also, 17.5% (n = 98) fissural variations were seen in males and 5.4% (n = 30) fissural variations were seen in females. Further, 54.7% (n = 70) of variations were detected in the right lung and 45.3% (n = 58) in the left lung. The most common fissural variation noted was right incomplete oblique fissure with a frequency of 8.4% cases (n = 47). The most common accessory fissure detected was inferior accessory fissure. Total 22 cases were detected in both the lungs, 17 cases in male and 5 in female. Conclusion Anatomical variations in fissures were found to be more in the right lung than the left lung. Accessory fissures were detected in higher incidence on the right side.

No abstract

To show the accuracy of ultrasound studies in diagnosing impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint by correlating with arthroscopic surgery for operability of partial supraspinatus tendon tear. AIM: To correlate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis for intrinsic causes of impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint, correlation with arthroscopic surgery and operability for supraspinatus tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study done on 40 patients clinically diagnosed with impingement syndrome who underwent ultrasound assessment. Arthroscopic correlation was done in 38 patients. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: In our study of rotator cuff integrity assessment, ultrasound showed type-1 in 3(7.5%), type-2 in 10(25%), type-3 in 21(52.5%), type-4 in 3(7.5%) and type-5 in 3(7.5%) When compared to the arthroscopic surgery findings, Sensitivity and specificity of PTT was 85.5% and 75% respectively. On dynamic evaluation of shoulder joint for impingement, our present study showed grade-2 abnormality in 30 patients (75%) and 8(20%) patients had grade-1 abnormality, this was found to be statistically significant. DISCUSSION: ultrasonography can detect impingement syndrome and partial tear of the SST with high specificity and sensitivity, which makes it the most cost effective, noninvasive, rapidly performed, and widely available and most acceptable investigation to the patients.

Background: Diffuse liver diseases are commonly encountered in clinical practice and on radiological imaging .Early detection and accurate diagnosis are extremely important in the definitive management of such patients. Ultrasonography is the widely used and the first line of radiological investigation in patients suspected with diffuse liver disease. Ultrasound elastography is a recent advance in the field of ultrasonography which has reportedly improved the accuracy in the assessment of severity of liver fibrosis in diffuse liver diseases. Objectives: 1.To evaluate the role of elastography for evaluation of diffuse liver disease. 2. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of sonoelastography in detection and characterisation of diffuse liver disease and correlation with other clinical diagnostic modalities and histopathology as gold standard. Subjects and Methods: Study was conducted from from August 2014 to August 2016.Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 cases of diffuse liver diseases were included in the study.The ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were done in the AJ Institute of Medical Sciences. These 30 cases were subjected to FNAC/Tru-cut Biopsy for the confirmation of ultrasound and ultrasound elastography finding and establishment of final diagnosis. Results: In our study of 30 cases of diffuse liver lesions ,after Metavir scoring 13% were F1,16% were F2, 23% were F3,and 46% were F4.The sensitivity and specificity for F1 and F2 were 100% and 100%, for F3 was 71% and 91%, for F4 85 and 87%.the mean cut off value for the cirrhosis was found to be 18kPa. Conclusion: Ultrasound elastography is a recent advance in the field of ultrasound, which is a non invasive method in assessment of severity of liver fibrosis and end stage cirrhosis.

No abstract