Digital image correlation (DIC) is a non-contact optical method that allows measuring displacements on a plane used to determine the strains caused by external loads of a structural element (mechanical or thermal). Currently, digital image correlation is a widely used experimental technique to assess the mechanical behavior of materials, in particular cracking characteristics and destruction methods of various structural elements. In this paper, the DIC method is applied to determine local strains of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V specimen. The samples used in the tests were made with two different technologies: (a) from a drawn bar by machining process; and (b) by the additive manufacturing method Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The aim of the paper is to present the mechanical properties test results of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy produced by the DMLS additive manufacturing under static loads using the digital image correlation method. As a result of the tests carried out on the drawn bar specimens, it was concluded that the change in the measurement base affects the difference in the Young’s E modulus value in the range from 89.2 to 103.8 GPa. However, for samples formed using the DMLS method, the change in the Young’s modulus value was from 112.9 to 115.3 GPa for the same measurement base.
The most commonly used technology among the additive manufacturing is Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). This process is based on selective laser sintering (SLS). The method gained its popularity due to the possibility of producing metal parts of any geometry, which would be difficult or impossible to obtain by the use of conventional manufacturing techniques. Materials used in the elements manufacturing process are: titanium alloys (e.g. Ti6Al4V), aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg, etc. Elements printed from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy find their application in many industries. Details produced by additive technology are often used in medicine as skeletal, and dental implants. Another example of the DMLS elements use is the aerospace industry. In this area, the additive manufacturing technology produces, i.a. parts of turbines. In addition to the aerospace and medical industries, DMLS technology is also used in motorsport for exhaust pipes or the gearbox parts. The research objects are samples for static tests. These samples were made of Ti6Al4V alloy by the DMLS method and the rolling method from a drawn rod. The aim of the paper is the mechanical properties comparative analysis of the Ti6Al4V alloy produced by the DMLS method under static loading conditions and microstructure analysis of this material.
Metal powder 3D printing technology is gaining popularity due to the possibility of producing structural elements of complex geometry, which production with the methods used so far is difficult or impossible to obtain. An example of a material used in the parts production by the additive method is 316L steel, which is used in the production of bone support screws, surgical tools and needles, or in other industries for the production of exhaust manifolds, parts of furnaces or heat exchangers. The study investigated the mechanical properties, hardness and microstructure of 316L steel produced in the selective laser melting process (SLM). Based on the tests, the following mechanical properties of 316L steel were obtained: Su = 566.7MPa, Sp0.2 = 484MPa, E = 113820MPa, A = 79.5%, Z = 72.3%. The hardness test results show a significant increase in hardness as the tensile test approaches the sample fracture. The structure of 316L steel in the grip part is characterized by the formation of visible semi-elliptical zones of the material alloy, the pools with crystallized grains with a cell-column structure oriented in the direction of the thermal gradient. This type of microstructure is characteristic of technology in which, after solidification, the cooling process takes place at high speed.
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