ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Die bei der Homo-und Copolymerisation von Trioxan neben der Wachstumsreaktion ablaufende Hydridiibertragungsreaktion wird von der Art des verwendeten Initiators beeintluSt. Sie ist bei Verwendung von Perchlorsaure, Bortritluoridatherat, Triphenylmethylhexafluorarsenat und Triathyloxoniumtetrafluorborat als Initiatoren deutlich unterdriickt, wenn man mit Molybdanylacetylacetonat und ganz besonders mit Zinntetrachlorid vergleicht. Beziiglich der gleichzeitig ablaufenden Transacetalisierungsreaktion wird festgestellt, daD bei der Copolymerisation von Trioxan mit 2 Gew.-% Dioxolan die Initiatoren Perchlorsaure und Molybdanylacetylacetonat die Wachstumsreaktion so begiinstigen, daS die Transacetalisierung in einem friihen Stadium stehenbleibt und keine statistische Verteilung der Dioxolan-Einheiten iiber die Polyoxymethylenkette erfolgt. Bortritluorid und Zinntetrachlorid als Initiatoren bedingen dagegen die Bildung von mehr statistischen Copolymerisaten. Hier wird die Transacetalisierungsreaktion nicht von der Wachstumsreaktion iiberspielt.Mit Hilfe von kernresonanzspektroskopischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, daD bei allen verwendeten Initiatoren diejenige Transacetalisierungsreaktion, die zu einer Verknupfung von Dioxolan-Einheiten fiihrt, im Vergleich zu den anderen moglichen Transacetalisierungsreaktionen unterdriickt ist. SUMMARY:The hydride shift reaction occurring during the homo-and copolymerization of trioxane is influenced by the nature of the initiator used for the polymerization. Perchloric acid, boron triffuoride etherate, triphenylmethylhexaffuoroarsenate and triethyloxoniumtetrafluoroborate as initiators decrease the rate of the hydride shift reaction in comparison to molybdenylacetylacetonate and especially to tin tetrachloride.The transacetalization reaction is suppressed in favour of the propagation reaction when perchloric acid and molybdenylacetylacetonate are used as initiators ; in these cases the dioxolane units are not statistically distributed over the polyoxymethylene chain. I n comparison with these findings boron tritluoride and tin tetrachloride as initiators give statistical copolymers. Here the transacetalization reaction is not suppressed by the propagation reaction.By nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of trioxane-dioxolane copolymers it could be shown that the transacetalization, which leads to a connection of two dioxolane units, is suppressed in favour of all other possible transacetalization reactions.
The antiviral activity of a number of fractions of poly(acry1ic acid)s and poly(methacry1ic acid)s with different tacticities, different molecular weights and molecular weight distributions has been investigated. Isotactic poly(acry1ic acid)s are essentially more antiviral active in the whole area of efficacy than the atactic ones. Independent of the tacticity poly(acry1ic acid)s with molecular weights smaller than 5000 show no significant effects, polymers with molecular weights greater than 25000 are toxic in the used doses. The optimum of efficacy is between 6000 and 15000. Isotactic poly(acry1ic acid)s with narrow molecular weight distributions are more active than those with broad distributions. The atactic poly(acry1ic acid)s with lower efficacy do not show this relationship. Atactic poly(methacry1ic acid)s are not antiviral active in vivo compared with untreated controls. Isotactic ones have a just detectable efficacy which is essentially lower than the activity of the atactic poly(acry1ic acid)s.
Polyoxymethylene lassen sich in Wasser dispergieren, wenn sie hydrophile Gruppen oder hydrophile Polymersequenzen eingebaut enthalten. Besonders leicht dispergierbar sind carboxylatgruppenhaltige Copolymere des Trioxans, die durch Verseifung der entsprechenden Estergruppen enthaltenden Polymeren hergestellt werden können. Der Einbau von Estergruppen in Polytrioxan ist durch Copolymerisation, durch Übertragungsreaktion oder durch Pfropfung leicht durchzuführen. Auch Polyoxymethylene mit längeren hydrophilen nichtionischen Polymersequenzen sind in Wasser dispergieibar. Zur Dispergierung werden die Polymeren in einem niedrig siedenden Lösungsmittal unter Druck gelöst. Nach Zugabe von Wasser wird gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart eines Emulgators das Lösungsmittel abdestilliert.
The autoxidation of a series of dithiols and polyvinyl mercaptan has been studied kinetically by volumetric measurement of the oxygen consumption. A variety of catalysts in aprotic solvents were examined, and ferric sulfate in dimethyl sulfoxide was selected as the system most consistently producing disurfide as the only oxidation product. The oxidation rate was directly proportional to the iron concentration and was sensitive to the structure of the thiol substrate. A mechanism is proposed which involves an oxidation-reduction reaction between a ferric andferrous thiol complexas the intermediary between oxygen and thiol. Proximity effects of the neighboring mercapto functions and polymer effects were observed.
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