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O domínio Cerrado apresenta uma flora magnífica, composta por espécies frutíferas de grande porte, como o jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa), que produz anualmente volumosas quantidades de frutos, que servem de alimento para a fauna e moradores locais. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar, por técnicas cromatográficas por CG-MS e espectrométricas na região do infravermelho, os óleos extraídos da casca, arilo e sementes desta leguminosa. Avaliando também o rendimento de óleo extraído pelo sistema de soxlhet. Foram obtidos rendimentos lipídicos de 3,94, 1,83 e 3,47% respectivamente para casca, arilo e semente. Os compostos químicos avaliados por cromatografia gasosa (CG-MS) apresentaram compostos como: 4,6-di (1,1 - dimetiletil)-2-metil fenol, um agente antioxidante natural encontrado em vegetais, que neste estudo foi encontrado nos óleos da casca e arilo com teores de 18,90 e 11,90% respectivamente. Teores importantes de ácido isoesteárico de 45,80% no óleo do arilo, e para o óleo da semente, porcentagens expressivas de palmitato de metila 52,90; ácidos heneicosanóico de 38,40% e de pentacosanóico igual a 46,20%. A análise de FT-IR apresentou grupamentos funcionais característicos de ácidos graxos como observados normalmente em outros óleos vegetais. O trabalho fornece dados importantes sobre as características químicas dos óleos extraídos do fruto de H. stigonocarpa, aumentando assim o conhecimento sobre esta espécie da família Leguminosae, que está presente no domínio Cerrado, bem como compor conhecimento científico no uso racional destes óleos nas indústrias alimentícia e farmacêutica. Palavras-chave: Espectroscopia no Infravermelho. Cromatografia Gasosa. Constituição Química Abstract Cerrado domain presents a magnificent flora, composed of large fruit species, such as jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa), which annually produces large quantities of fruits that serve as food for the fauna and local inhabitants. The objective of this work is to evaluate the oils extracted from the bark, aril and seeds of this legume by GC-MS and spectrometric techniques in the infrared region. Also, to evaluate the oil yield extracted by the soxlhet system. Lipid yields of 3.94, 1.83 and 3.47% respectively were obtained for bark, aril and seed. The chemical compounds evaluated by gas chromatography (GC-MS) presented compounds as 4,6-di (1,1-dimethylethyl) -2-methyl phenol, a natural antioxidant agent found in vegetables, where in this study it was found in bark oils and aryl with contents of 18.90 and 11.90% respectively. Important isostearic acid contents of 45.80% in aryl oil, and for seed oil, significant percentages of methyl palmitate 52.90; heneicosanoic acids of 38.40% and pentacosanoic acids equals to 46.20%. The FT-IR analysis showed functional groupings characteristic of fatty acids as normally observed in other vegetable oils. This work provides important information on the chemical characteristics of the oils extracted from the H. stigonocarpa fruit, thus increasing the knowledge about this species of the Leguminosae family that is present in the Cerrado domain, as well as to compose scientific knowledge on the rational use of these oils in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Infrared Spectroscopy. Gas Chromatography. Chemical Constitution.
The study of chromatographic techniques, classical and modern, describes the simplicity and, at the same time, the advances that this area has undergone in recent years in quality scientific research and also in learning in undergraduate and postgraduate courses around the world. This paper investigate a characterization by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), as a method developed by graduate students that involve a combination of a classic and modern technique, as well as results about the physicochemical properties of the essential oil of Bauhinia monandra flower. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger, the TLC was performed in different eluents and developers, and thus the retention factors (Rfs), and the chemical profile by GC-MS were obtained. The essential oil of the flowers showed a yield of 0.06%, positive solubility in ethanol 70%, refractive index of 1.3621, optical rotation of +36.4αD and relative density of 0.941 g mL-1 at 20 °C. In the TLC analysis 18 Rfs were observed after the use of different developers, with the predominant class of oxygenates compounds. In the GC-MS analysis, 7 compounds were observed, being two majorities, characterized as panaxene with 20.51% and the α-guaiene with 33.39%. The essential oil of B. monandra flower showed a predominance of 70.22% of sesquiterpenic compounds. The allied techniques, classic and modern, demonstrated different ways of evaluating the essential oil through its chemical composition, both techniques showed high efficiency and precision, in addition was an appropriate project developed by postgraduate students.
The development of agricultural practices has led to an increase in production and a reduction in the loss of reproduction, however, several pesticides have been inserted in this medium to control the actions of insects and diseases that can harm plants. Some of these chemicals can cause adverse effects on living organisms, such as endosulfan. This insecticide was banned in Brazil in 2010, but it is acquired illegally by some producers. No present study has been quantified as endosulfan residues in relation to curly. The variations found vary between 0.007mg and 0.018mg. A toxicity assessment was also carried out on the quantified in Zebrafish embryos. It was observed that, even with the indicator displayed below the daily intake index established by ANVISA, there was high toxicity. Causing effects such as: edema of pericardium and yolk sac, deformation in the skeleton and delay in the hatching of the embryos.
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