This study investigates the initial development of two Cerrado species, Eugenia dysenterica and Byrsonima basiloba. Both species have high ethnobotanical importance and are widely used as a food source as well as in folk medicine. Eugenia dysenterica presented hypogeous cryptocotylar germination and the cotyledons were rich in reserve material. This plant species showed quick root development and after the shoot had produced the first two pairs of eophyls, the seedling went into a latent state for at least 1 year. Byrsonima basiloba had a hard endocarp, which had to be broken to facilitate germination. This species showed epigeous phanerocotylar germination. Similarly to E. dysenterica, B. basiloba roots also developed rapidly; however, the aerial part grew continuously and did not show a latent period. Moreover, within the first 6 months of cultivation B. basiloba developed a xylopodium. The strategies for seed dispersal and breakage of seed dormancy were different between the species, but their initial growth showed several similarities.
The use of plants as a source of palliative or cure for pathological conditions is quite common worldwide. Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae), popularly known in Brazil as 'espinho de carneiro', is an annual weed from South America, which has been used by empiric medicine to treat neoplasias. Owing to the extensive use of the above-mentioned plant and to the lack of reports about the real effects of its infusion, current study evaluated the genotoxic potential of its aqueous extract at concentrations 0.02 g L -1 , 0.1 g L -1 and 0.2 g L -1 by fish micronucleus test and by comet human leukocytes assay. The micronucleus test featured at least 50 cells with micronuclei to every 2,000 cells scored, as a mutagenic parameter. The comet assay was used as a parameter for assessing the level of cell damage and the damage index. Since no significant changes in strain cells exposed to the aqueous extract in the comet and micronucleus assays were reported, it seems that no genotoxicity evidence is extant at the concentrations and in the assays performed.Uniterms: Xanthium spinosum/pharmacognosy. Xanthium spinosum/aqueous extract/genotoxicity. Fish micronucleus assay. Comet assay.Em diversos lugares do mundo a utilização de plantas como fonte paliativa ou de cura para determinadas condições patológicas é bastante comum. No Brasil, essa prática não se torna diferente devido à ampla biodiversidade da fauna e flora presentes no País. Nesse contexto, surge a Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae), conhecida popularmente como "espinho-de-carneiro", um arbusto anual introduzido na América do Sul, o qual tem sido utilizado empiricamente no tratamento de neoplasias. Sabendo do extensivo uso dessa planta em contrapartida com nenhum estudo reportando os reais efeitos de sua infusão, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a genotoxicidade do extrato aquoso nas concentrações de 0,02 g L -1 , 0,1 g L -1 e 0,2 g L -1 , através do ensaio do micronúcleo písceo e do ensaio cometa em leucócitos de sangue humano. O ensaio do micronúcleo tem como parâmetro mutagênico a presença de no mínimo 50 células com micronúcleo em uma contagem de 2.000 células por amostra, enquanto o ensaio cometa utiliza como parâmetro o nível de dano e o índice de dano. Os resultados mostram que não foi possível observar mudanças significativas nas células expostas ao extrato aquoso, em ambos os testes, o que sugere não existir evidência de genotoxicidade nas concentrações utilizadas no ensaio.Unitermos: Xanthium spinosum/farmacognosia. Xanthium spinosum/extrato aquoso/genotoxicidade. Ensaio do micronúcleo písceo. Ensaio cometa.
The aim of this study was to characterize Leishmania spp. from canine and feline samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). It was conducted in the southern region of Brazil, located at border crossings to Argentina and Uruguay. Samples were collected from 116 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and 89 cats (Felis catus). The PCR was performed to screen for an LT1 fragment from kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) target gene, and positive samples were subjected to a second PCR for an internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) region from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) target. RFLP was performed using the Haemophilus aegyptius (HAE III) restriction endonuclease (Fermentas ®). Positive samples by PCR ITS1 were sequenced and deposited in NCBI GenBank, and a phylogenetic analysis was developed. We found that 12.9% (15/116) of the samples from dogs were positive. All the 89 cat samples were negative. Positive samples were tested against Leishmania reference strains presenting different patterns in PCR-RFLP, and these samples showed bands denoting similarity to the standard species of Leishmania infantum, proven through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The RFLP technique, alone, was shown to be feasible for practical application and confirmation of the involved Leishmania spp.
Resumo: o artigo analisa o conhecimento de professores da educação básica da Tríplice Fronteira (Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai) sobre Metodologias Ativas. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, se utilizou questionários semiestruturados e para tratamento dos dados a Análise de Conteúdo. Participaram 96 docentes do Ensino Fundamental ou etapa semelhante aos demais países. Os resultados indicaram um expressivo número de docentes que afirmam não conhecer sobre o tema pesquisado, porém assentiram em se apropriar do tema, por meio de uma formação, na perspectiva de melhorar sua prática docente. Conclui-se que existe uma expressiva lacuna relativa ao conhecimento sobre Metodologias Ativas, principalmente sobre a Metodologia da Problematização com Arco de Maguerez. Destaca-se, a necessidade de formações que instruam sobre esses métodos e que amenizem esse hiato entre os professores investigados.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.