No abstract

The essential oils were isolated from dried Syzygium aromaticum L. seeds by Cleavenger aperture extraction, and fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 53 components were detected in Syzygium aromaticum. The components were mainly 21 sesquiterpenes (39.62 %), eight monoterpenes (15.09%), onediterpene (1.88%). The leading components specific in the essential oil was eugenol (64.74 %), caryophyllene (14.36 %), 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenyl acetate (13.28 %) and 1,4,7, Cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethy (2.55 %). Biochemically, Results found that the rats treated with (MTX) revealed a significant increase in AST, ALT and ALP levels in compare with controls. Clove essential oil recorded a significant decrease in AST, while, there was a decrease in all enzymes levels in serum of rats related to (MTX) and clove essential oil groups in comparison with control group. The results showed that the administration of clove essential oil significantly decreased elevate levels of ALT, AST and ALP. On the other hand, Histological examination of liver sections of rats treated with (MTX) showed several changes included infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, hyperplasia, cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration and necrosis. The results showed a normal liver structure in rats that treated with (MTX) and clove essential oil. Rats treated to (MTX) showed sever histopathological changes in the kidney tissues such as necrosis, hemorrhage, degeneration and inflammatory cells. While, in rats treated with (MTX) and essential clove oil a few changes in the kidney tissues were observed.

The aim of this study was to comparative the histological structure of skin in Jenubi cow and its Friesians crossbreed cow. Samples of skin were collected from abdominal regions of Jenubi cow and its Friesians crossbreed cow immediately after slaughter in Governorate of Misan. The results showed similarities in the structure of the normal skin layers which was consists of three layers epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Sweet glands was more distributed in the region between papillary and reticular layer and are associated with hair follicles. The primary hair follicle was associated with Sebaceous glands which were scattered in the deeper part of the reticular layer in both Jenubi and cross breed skin. The deference’s found in the micrometrical observations in the dermal layer, these variations between breeds in epithelium thickness of sweet glands where small in Jenubi cow while the epithelium thickness of crossbreed cow was more greater. The present study it was revealed that the sweat gland diameter in the skin of Jenubi cow was lower than in crossbreed cow. The conclusion of this study revealed that the location of the papillary layer is superficial and just under the basement membrane while the reticular layer composed the deeper layer in the dermis. The type of sebaceous gland was a simple, branched or compound. The epithelium thickness of sweet glands in crossbreed cow was more greater than Jenubi cow.

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of super benzene inhalathion and its metabolites on haemopoietic tissues(spleen and bone marrow) on experimental rats.Animals were exposed via inhalation to concentrations of (5 and 10) ppm super benzene for 2 hour/day, 5 days /week for 3 months.Histological studies revealed that spleen of the exposed animals to super benzene, were exposed to 5 ppm showed white pulp atrophy and absence of megakaryocytes in red pulp with blood vessels congestion.In 10 ppm showed increased of extramedulary haemopoiesis, acute splenitis and fibrosis as well as showed aggregation of lymphocytes in lymph node, thickness with centeral artery wall also inflammation of inflammatory cells inside centeral artery and vasodilatation in centeral artery in asplenic nodule.While the bone marrow related to the animals exposed to 5 and 10 ppm showed reduced in haemapoietic tissue which partly replaced by adipose tissue.