A decrease in unsaturated fatty acids was correlated with insulin resistance in childhood obesity.

Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus—all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)—were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5–T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4–T1) and A. lituratus (C5–T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.

O gato-do-mato-pequeno pertence ao gênero Leopardus, que possui distribuição desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até o Chile. A redução e fragmentação de habitats de felinos ocasionaram a vulnerabilidade da espécie em estudo, segundo a Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. As veias renais direita e esquerda drenam seu conteúdo para a veia cava caudal. Variações anatômicas nas veias renais foram relatadas em várias espécies, como o cão, gato doméstico e humano. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o aparecimento de variação numérica nas veias renais em Leopardus guttulus, com enfoque nas possibilidades de implicações clínico-cirúrgicas como anastomoses cirúrgicas, estudos imaginológicos, nefrectomias e planejamento pré-operatório para redução de riscos e complicações, como hemorragia. O animal foi devidamente formolizado no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Morfologia de Animais Domésticos e Selvagens, posteriormente injetado látex colorido e dissecado. Foi observada variação numérica na veia renal no rim direito de um macho. Observou-se no rim esquerdo apenas uma veia renal medindo 0,98 cm de comprimento. O rim direito apresentou duas veias renais, sendo a primeira a fusão de duas veias interlobares em uma veia renal crânio-dorsal com 0,95 cm de comprimento e a segunda apresentando 0,98 cm de comprimento.

The caudal vena cava in carnivores is the blood drainage pathway, originating from the pelvis and pelvic limbs, and entering the right atrium. Caudal vena cava duplication has rarely been reported in small animals. This report aims to describe a case of duplicity of the caudal vena cava and renal vein variation in a female feline corpse of a Brazilian shorthaired cat approximately 3 years of age, with the focus on the possible clinical and surgical implications of this anatomical variation. It was subsequently preserved in 10% formalin, and its vascular system was injected with colored S-65 Petrolatex. During the dissection of the abdominal region, the presence of a double caudal vena cava and two renal veins in both kidneys was observed. While uncommon in cats, caudal vena cava duplication should be differentiated from other vascular anomalies when planning surgeries and to avoid misdiagnoses.