Summary 1.Bite force is an important performance measure for vertebrate and is related to a variety of ecological challenges. Phyllostomid bats present highly diversified feeding habits associated with extensive cranial shape divergence. Biomechanical models predict that the cranial shape changes are linked to dietary variation through bite force. However, the relationship of cranial shape, diet and bite force had not been explicitly tested before. 2.Here we use a combination of geometric morphometric techniques and comparative methods to test for morphological correlates of bite force and diet in 14 phyllostomid bat species. Skull and mandible shape variation were assessed by vectors, derived from a two-block partial least squares analysis of geometric shape and size-independent bite forces. The relationship between bite force, skull shape and diet was assessed by phylogenetic generalized least square regressions. 3. Most variation in the bite force data examined here (approximately 74%) was explained by size variation alone, but the shape vectors for both skull and mandible explained a significant part of the residual variation in bite force (83% and 56%, respectively), as did the dietary differences (56%). Although the first principal component of diet variation is associated with a negative correlation between insectivory and frugivory, residual bite force and cranial shape are not associated with this diet contrast. Shape and residual bite force variation in the sample were strongly associated with the second diet component, depicting an increase in nectarivory. 4. Species with stronger bites (insectivorous and frugivorous) than expected for their sizes presented a shorter rostrum and mandible, higher skulls, and more developed muscle attachment areas. On the other hand, the characteristic cranial elongation of nectarivorous species (supporting the long tongue) is a trade-off with bite force. These morphological correlates of bite force are similar to those observed in carnivores and non-herbivorous marsupials, and can be related to morphological characters used in biomechanical models for bite force prediction. 5. Our results reinforce the effectiveness of statistically integrating geometric shape variables to bite force and diet information in the investigation of patterns of cranial shape change and trophic radiation in ecologically diverse vertebrate groups.

Bats (Chiroptera) of the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Study carried out wi thin the urban perimeterofLondrina, which is located in the North of the state of Paraná. The objectives were the id entifi cation of urban species of bats and di urna! roosts used by them and the verification ofthe problems they can cause 10 the populati on. The fire brigade. the Autarquia Muni cipal do Ambiente de Londrin a (Municipal En vironment Autarchy of Londrina), the Bi ology Department of the Uni versidade Estadual de Londrina (State University of Londrin a) and local res idents helped spot the roosts. The collections were carried out in regul ar intervals between Apri I 1998 and March 1999. By the end of them, 8 15 bats of 23 di fferent species had been captured. Among these, 12 were found near or inside human constructions:

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O presente trabalho reúne os resultados de um levantamento de quirópteros conduzido na Reserva Biológica (REBIO) do Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu, estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas 31 noites de coletas, em 14 sítios situados em altitudes de 65 a 1270 m. As coletas foram realizadas com redes "mist-nets", armadas ao nível do solo, em trilhas ou clareiras, em frente a plantas em floração ou frutificação, próximo a construções e cavidades naturais, sobre riachos e corpos d'água ou perto desses. Um total de 655 indivíduos foi capturado. Vinte e oito espécies de morcegos, distribuídas em quatro famílias, Emballonuridae (duas espécies), Phyllostomidae (19 espécies), Vespertilionidae (cinco espécies) e Molossidae (duas espécies) são assinaladas para a Reserva. Destacam-se os registros de Lonchophylla bokermanni Sazima, Vizotto & Taddei, 1978, Platyrrhinus recifinus (Thomas, 1901) e Myotis ruber (E. Geoffroy, 1806), que constam como vulneráveis na "Lista das Espécies Brasileiras Ameaçadas de Extinção". Para cada espécie, uma medida externa (comprimento de antebraço) e 13 medidas cranianas foram estudadas. As medidas de machos e fêmeas são tratadas separadamente. Comentários taxonômicos são fornecidos para todas as espécies.

ABSTRACT. Diversity ofbats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in forest fragments. The bay of the Tibagi ri ver, a place which goes tlU'ough quick envirorunental alterations, has three forest fragments: the " Floresta Nacional do [rati" (3.572 ha), the "Reserva Biológica da Klabin" (1 1.116 ha) and the "Parq ue Estadual Mata dos Godoy" (680 halo Here, Myolis ruber (E. Geoffroy, 1806) and Chiroderma doriae Thomas, 1891 can be found, these are threatened bats, and three species, Pygode/'lIla bilabiallllll (Wagner, 1843), Myolis levis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) and Rogheessa lumida H. Allen, 1866, which are presumably threatened. Using the same effOlt of capture in the three places, it was stated that the "Floresta Nacional do Irati " with low vegetation diversity, showed nine spec ies of bats. The "Pa rque Estadual Mata dos Godoy", although it 's five times smaller, !lfteen species. We came to the conclusion that a big reserve, without good conditions would house a lower number ofspecies. A small reselve with adequate resources and great vegetation diversity presents a higher number ofniches, housing a higher number of spec ies. KEY WORDS. Chiroptera, bats, diversity, forest fragments As unidades de conservação protegem valores ambientais representativos, por isso teriam que assegurar o bem estar das comunidades animais e vegetais, melhorando as condições do ambiente na região onde estão locali zadas, sem inibir o progresso econôm ico das local idades que as abrigam. Deveriam também assegurar uma proteção legal, mantendo ao máximo os valores naturais que justifiquem sua preservação, e ainda, ser uma unidade biogeográfica representativa com "habitats" favoráveis que preservem a flora e a fauna local.Poderiam atender, como centros de educação e pesquisa, visando otimizar a convivência animal -floresta, em situações que preservem os "habitats" e evitem o risco de extinguir espécies, conseqüentemente proteger os materiais genéticos.Todavia, essas regiões estão sofrendo alterações ambientais rápidas e significativas, devido ao seu potencial agropecuário, demandando cada vez mais apro-

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