Minister Malcolm Turnbull, agreed to launch an inquiry into the impact of Facebook and Google. 12 In December 2017, then-Treasurer Scott Morrison directed Australia's competition regulator, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC):to hold an inquiry into the impact of online search engines, social media and other digital content aggregation platforms (platform services) on the state of competition in media and advertising services markets, in particular in relation to the supply of news and journalistic content, and the implications of this for media content creators, advertisers and consumers. 13 The ACCC began its 'Digital Platforms Inquiry' shortly thereafter. It published its
This article applies principles from the Department of Communications’ policy review of telecommunications consumer protection to broadcasting co-regulation. The Consumer Safeguards Review establishes six principles for good regulation, including that rule-making processes should ‘enable a wide range of views to be considered’. It notes that processes for developing telecommunications codes of practice are likely to lead to ‘sub-optimal’ consumer protection measures. The article draws on original empirical research to assess development of commercial television and commercial radio codes of practice, with particular emphasis on public engagement in co-regulation. It finds the broadcasting codes of practice fail to meet the principles adopted by the Department for good co-regulation. It concludes by arguing there is a pressing need for a more holistic review of communications co-regulation, as broadcasting legislation is similar to the telecommunications legislation, and there is a risk that ‘sub-optimal’ practices could be applied in attempts to regulate digital platforms.
This article begins the process of evaluating the adequacy of the procedural and substantive requirements that Australian communications regulators (and hence industry bodies) must satisfy before co-regulatory codes of practice can be registered. It considers if the procedural requirements relating to consumer and public consultation, included in the statutory frameworks that authorise and govern co-regulation in the media, online and telecommunications sectors, ensure co-regulatory rule-making is sufficiently responsive to the interests of consumers and citizens. Drawing on publicly available information about seven industry bodies that have drafted codes of practice and round table discussions with industry, consumers and regulators, the article highlights that the current engagement practices of industry bodies often fall short of the ‘democratic credentials’ of responsiveness. It suggests that the code registration criteria relating to consumer and public consultation must be overhauled if these weaknesses are to be rectified.
This chapter focuses on the regulation of the provision of telecommunication services and the operation of telecommunication networks in the US. It begins by giving a brief history of the American approach to the regulation of switched, cable, wireless, satellite, broadband, and IP networks and services. It then provides an overview of the numerous governmental bodies involved in the regulation of the US telecommunications market. It summarizes the licensing requirements under the Communications Act of 1934, and briefly explains the US approach to certain key regulatory issues: access, interconnection and related measures, including network neutrality, spectrum management, universal service, the application of competition law to the sector, and consumer privacy.
Scaling up effective interventions in public health is complex and comprehensive, and published accounts of the scale-up process are scarce. Key aspects of the scale-up experience need to be more comprehensively captured. This study describes the development of a guide for reflecting on and documenting the scale-up of public health interventions, to increase the depth of practice-based information of scaling up. Reviews of relevant scale-up frameworks along with expert input informed the development of the guide. We evaluated its acceptability with potential end-users and applied it to two real-world case studies. The Scale-up Reflection Guide (SRG) provides a structure and process for reflecting on and documenting key aspects of the scale-up process of public health interventions. The SRG is comprised of eight sections: context of completion; intervention delivery, history/background; intervention components; costs/funding strategies and partnership arrangements; the scale-up setting and delivery; scale-up process; and evidence of effectiveness and long-term outcomes. Utilization of the SRG may improve the consistency and reporting for the scale-up of public health interventions and facilitate knowledge sharing. The SRG can be used by a variety of stakeholders including researchers, policymakers or practitioners to more comprehensively reflect on and document scale-up experiences and inform future practice.
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