Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has been used to support organ transplantations. However, whether it helps remains unclear. This study aimed to present and assess the application of 3D‐printed liver models in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The 3D images were printed to touchable liver models with transparent liver parenchyma, specifically colored hepatic vessels, and biliary structures. A total of 30 consecutive recipients were enrolled in the study: 10 were operated on with the support of 3D printing (3D‐printing group) and 20 (control group) were operated on without it. Detailed photographs and data of the cases in the 3D‐printing group were presented. One patient underwent auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation using the left lobe graft, in which the abdominal cavity model was also printed to test whether the planned graft fit the recipient’s abdominal cavity. The 3D‐printed models facilitated surgical planning and procedures, particularly in the management of hepatic veins and in the prevention of large‐for‐size syndrome. The operative time of donors in the 3D‐printing group was significantly shorter compared with the control group (2.3 ± 0.4 versus 3.0 ± 0.4 hours; P < 0.001). Inpatient costs for donors in the 3D‐printing group were 17.1% lower than those in the control group (34.6 ± 6.6 versus 41.7 ± 10.4 thousand ¥; P = 0.03). In conclusion, in small infants and complicated pediatric LDLT patients, 3D‐printed models can help minimize the risk of large‐for‐size syndrome and graft reduction. The 3D‐printed models may be conducive to liver graft procurement and intraoperative assistance in pediatric LDLT.
Liver cancer is reported as the sixth most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2018, with approximately 841 000 new diagnoses and 782 000 deaths every year.(1) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises more than 75% of all liver cancers.(1) Partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation remain the most effective treatment for patients with HCC. However, due to the late symptom presentation and aggressive tumor biological behavior, many patients with HCC are diagnosed at very advanced stages, when surgical treatments may not be applicable.(2) In these advanced cases, sorafenib becomes the only recommended therapy
Chemotherapy resistance is one of the major challenges in the treatment of liver cancer (LC). The present study aimed to investigate the potential roles of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the core component of the Hippo signaling pathway, in chemoresistance of LC. YAP expression and its function in chemoresistance of LC cells were investigated. It was revealed that the expression levels and nuclear localization of YAP were increased in cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant LC (LC/CDDP) cells. The targeted inhibition of YAP using small interfering RNA or an inhibitor restored the CDDP sensitivity of LC cells. YAP overexpression was discovered to be essential for the increase of IL-6 and TGF-β expression levels in LC/CDDP cells. Furthermore, it was identified that increased mRNA stability was the primary reason for the upregulation of YAP expression in LC/CDDP cells, which was due to the downregulation of microRNA (miR)-375 expression in LC/CDDP cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the miR-375/YAP axis may regulate the expression levels of IL-6 and TGF-β, which may subsequently be involved in the CDDP resistance of LC cells. The current results indicated that the targeted inhibition of this axis and signaling pathway may be helpful in overcoming CDDP resistance.
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