The results of this systematic review imply that good HLA compatibility can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in spite of having no influence on graft outcomes. To obtain a short recovery time and minimize rejection post transplantation, HLA matching studies should be considered before the operation.
NF-kappaB decoy ODNs-modified DCs can prolong liver allograft survival by promoting apoptosis of graft-infiltrating cells within portal areas as well as down-regulating IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA and up-regulating IL-4 mRNA expression both in liver graft and in recipient spleen.
From significant histologic evidence, the BECs forming small- and medium-sized bile ducts undergoing EMT may account for prominent bile ductular proliferation and directly contribute to fibrogenesis in BA.
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has been used to support organ transplantations. However, whether it helps remains unclear. This study aimed to present and assess the application of 3D‐printed liver models in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The 3D images were printed to touchable liver models with transparent liver parenchyma, specifically colored hepatic vessels, and biliary structures. A total of 30 consecutive recipients were enrolled in the study: 10 were operated on with the support of 3D printing (3D‐printing group) and 20 (control group) were operated on without it. Detailed photographs and data of the cases in the 3D‐printing group were presented. One patient underwent auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation using the left lobe graft, in which the abdominal cavity model was also printed to test whether the planned graft fit the recipient’s abdominal cavity. The 3D‐printed models facilitated surgical planning and procedures, particularly in the management of hepatic veins and in the prevention of large‐for‐size syndrome. The operative time of donors in the 3D‐printing group was significantly shorter compared with the control group (2.3 ± 0.4 versus 3.0 ± 0.4 hours; P < 0.001). Inpatient costs for donors in the 3D‐printing group were 17.1% lower than those in the control group (34.6 ± 6.6 versus 41.7 ± 10.4 thousand ¥; P = 0.03). In conclusion, in small infants and complicated pediatric LDLT patients, 3D‐printed models can help minimize the risk of large‐for‐size syndrome and graft reduction. The 3D‐printed models may be conducive to liver graft procurement and intraoperative assistance in pediatric LDLT.
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