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Synbiotics (Bifidobacterium infantis + xylooligosaccharides) had the strongest efficacy on colitis through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and protecting epithelial integrity.

It is widely believed that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary supplementation with GSPE has been reported to alleviate colitis signs in mice, but the...

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Dysbiosis leads to continuous progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapeutic approaches for IBD have limited efficacy and are associated with various side effects. This study focused on exploring the positive effect of a new Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) strain (HMPM18123) in a colitis mouse model and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The colitis symptoms were alleviated by the B. cereus administration as evidenced by decreased body weight loss, colon length shortening, disease activity index score, and histopathological score. The B. cereus mitigated intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating tight junction protein expression. Moreover, B. cereus exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage polarization and suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. B. cereus also rebalanced the damaged gut microbiota. Thus, the molecular mechanism of alleviating colitis by B. cereus treatment involved the regulation of the TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways in intestinal mucosal barriers by modulating gut microbiota composition.

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been related to the extension shelf-life and maintenance of postharvest quality in fruits. However, the comparison of UV-B and UV-C treatment on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds of grape remain unclear. This study provides a comparison on the mechanism of phenolic secondary metabolism at the same dose of 3.6 kJ m UV treatment. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, total flavanol, and total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activities of grapes after UV-C treatments were higher than those of the control and UV-B treatment. Among the evaluated parameters of individual phenolic compounds, the content of -resveratrol showed the highest percentage increase after the UV application. The transcriptions of, ,, , and were higher in grapes treated by UV-C than in those treated by UV-B. The, , and genes were more induced in UV-B treatment than in control group. The same applied dose of UV-B or UV-C irradiation have different impact on gene expression and phenolic metabolites synthesis. The UV-C irradiation stimulated a higher gene expression of the phenolic compounds biosynthesis and also induced a greater accumulation of these metabolites at the same applied dose.