Silvery hair is a rare clinical manifestation which is a common presentation in a group of rare syndromes which usually present in the pediatric age group together termed as “silvery hair syndrome,” consisting of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), Griscelli syndrome (GS), and Elejalde disease. CHS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is characterized by mild pigment dilution (partial oculocutaneous albinism), silvery blond hair, severe phagocytic immunodeficiency, bleeding tendencies, recurrent pyogenic infections, progressive sensory or motor neurological defects. GS is also a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by reduced skin pigmentation, often regarded as partial albinism and silvery grey hair combined with immunodeficiency. To make correct diagnosis and to differentiate between CHS and GS, it requires light microscopic examination of skin and hair shafts, immunological and peripheral blood smear evaluation. They have been reported to be associated with some common clinical association as a part of the syndrome due to pigmentary delusion, neurological dysfunction, and severe life-threatening infections due to neutrophil phagocytosis dysfunction. There are reports of few rare associations and varied presentations and variable mean survival age. We report two cases with common presentation of silvery hair but varied systemic and clinical manifestations and survival in two cousin brothers from the same family.

Acute toxic effects of several 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes were investigated in 1day-old broiler chicks by single oral doses. The 7-day median lethal dose values of purified 8-acetylneosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, deacetyl-HT-2 toxin, and T-2 tetraol were 3.22 ± 0.26, 3.82 + 0.40, 4.97 +

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Objective: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ECP) in adjuvant arthritic (AA) rat model induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Methods: Thirty healthy albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups. Arthritis was induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and then treated with ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for 28 days. The various parameters like paw volume, haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb and ESR), and radiological studies were assessed. Results: In FCA induced arthritic rats, there was significant increase in rat paw volume whereas both doses of ECP treated groups showed strong significant reduction in paw volume. The altered haematological parameters in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to near normal by the treatment with ECP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further radiological studies revealed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP by preventing cartilage and bone destruction of the arthritic joints of AA rats. Conclusion: ECP has shown anti-arthritic activity with a significant decrease in paw volume and it could significantly normalize the haematological abnormalities in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Further radiological studies confirmed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP.

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Objective: To study the prevalence and severity of possible drug-drug interactions in the department of pediatrics. Methods:Case records of the in-patients of the pediatrics department from the medical records department were included and the records of the ambulatory patients were excluded from the study. All the collected cases were subjected to check for the drug-drug interactions by using the software micromedex 2.0 and the interactions were categorized based on the severity into minor, moderate and major.Results: A total of 142 cases were screened for possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and among them 76 cases were observed to be with possible DDIs. The prevalence was found to be 53.5% in this study. Majority of the cases with possible DDIs were observed to be in females. Results of the age wise categorization revealed that majority of the possible DDIS were observed in children (2-12 y) followed by the infants (1 mo-2 y). The drug combinations amikacin+ampicillin, paracetamol+phenytoin and ofloxacin+ondansetron were found to be the frequently observed possible DDIs of minor, moderate and major severities respectively. Conclusion:Majority of the possible DDIs were of moderate severity followed by major. Clinical pharmacists should take the responsibility in assisting the pediatricians for screening the possible DDIs in the prescriptions there by preventing them and providing a better pharmaceutical care for the pediatric population.

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Nocturnal Enuresis (NE) is the involuntary passing of urine whileasleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be prevised. NE has hassled humans for hundreds of years. It has been recognized since the time of Papyrus Ebers, 1550 B.C. Various potions were prepared by using different plants, animals or organs in some of the early treatment modalities. A number of medications have been used to treat nocturnal enuresis where, Imipramine and Desmopressin acetate were found to be efficacious. Besides, some credit has also been given to Oxybutynin. Because of the high relapse rates recited after short-term therapy with pharmacotherapeutic agents, pharmacological treatment for NE is best considered as management therapy rather than a cure. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the treatment and management of nocturnal enuresis by reviewing various treatment modalities along with behavioural modifications, bladder retention training, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy and combination therapy.