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Objective: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ECP) in adjuvant arthritic (AA) rat model induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Methods: Thirty healthy albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups. Arthritis was induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and then treated with ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for 28 days. The various parameters like paw volume, haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb and ESR), and radiological studies were assessed. Results: In FCA induced arthritic rats, there was significant increase in rat paw volume whereas both doses of ECP treated groups showed strong significant reduction in paw volume. The altered haematological parameters in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to near normal by the treatment with ECP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further radiological studies revealed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP by preventing cartilage and bone destruction of the arthritic joints of AA rats. Conclusion: ECP has shown anti-arthritic activity with a significant decrease in paw volume and it could significantly normalize the haematological abnormalities in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Further radiological studies confirmed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP.

The presence of toxic heavy metals such as chromium (VI) contaminants in aqueous streams, arising from the discharge of untreated metal containing effluents into water bodies, is one of the most important environmental problems. Adsorption is one of the effective techniques for chromium (VI) removal from wastewater. In the present study, adsorbent was prepared from low cost adsorbents and studies were carried out for chromium (VI) removal. Batch adsorption studies demonstrated that the adsorbents had significant capacity to adsorb the chromium from aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption increased with increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage. An attempt was made to study mixed algae as an adsorbent for removal of chromium (VI).

Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the nanoproniosomal gel of Enalapril maleate (EM) for the treatment of hypertension through the transdermal administration and to provide better bioavailability. Methods: The nanoproniosomal gel of the EM was formulated by Lecithin, Cholesterol, Non-ionic surfactants using the Coacervation-phase separation method. The prepared nanoproniosomal gels were evaluated for pH and viscosity, vesicle size analysis, rate of spontaneity, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, ex vivo skin permeation studies, skin irritation test, stability studies and in vivo antihypertensive studies. Results: Physical characterization was found to be within acceptable limits. The ex vivo skin permeation studies showed the cumulative permeation of 58.75 % to 89.72 % through the albino rat skin in 24 h for all the formulations, which indicate the zero-order drug permeation with diffusion, non-fickian release. Among all formulations, EMNP7 was selected as best formulation because it showed better characteristics than other formulations in several aspects like physicochemical characterization, ex vivo skin permeation studies, permeation kinetics, and other evaluation parameters. The skin irritation study revealed that there was no irritation after topical application and it was found to be safer to use. The In vivo antihypertensive study revealed that the formulation of EMNP7 was successful to regress the rat blood pressure (BP) to normal values in experimental hypertensive rats. Conclusion: The nanoproniosomal gel is an efficient transdermal therapeutic system for the delivery of EM for the treatment of hypertension. It is suitable for once a day controlled release formulation.