Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is emerging as one of the challenging research area because of the heavy dependency of human being into vehicles which tends to develop an intelligent transport system. VANET is treated as an extension of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) due to its behavior and its working mode. VANET is emerging as a new powerful tool to provide safety and security to the human beings during the time of traveling from one place to another. Routing is one of the challenging tasks for both MANET and VANET due to the frequent change in the topology. In this paper, we are evaluating the adaptability of existing MANET routing protocols for VANET. This paper analyze that what is the impact the vehicle density and speed on the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, average throughput, average path length and average loss rate, which will help to design a new routing protocol or to have some improvement in the existing routing protocols.
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a self-organized network that connects vehicle and RSUs. The RSUs can intern be connect to a background network so that many other network applications and services including internet access can be provide to the vehicle for obtaining different services by the user or driver. The considerable attention goes in this field due to the high demands of new innovations in the vehicular industry. The primary purpose of VANET is to improve public safety and save lives as well as to improve vehicular traffic flow. VANET has very dynamic topology large network size and constrained mobility, these characteristic led to the need for efficient routing and resource saving protocol. It is a new research area which tends lots of emphasis towards services provided through the network. In this paper, we give the review of various routing protocols by using some parameters: digital map, scenario, position verification, clustering, routing mechanism, forwarding strategy and control overhead.
Prior study suggests that VANET has two types of communications: Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications. V2V is very important and ensures cooperative communications between vehicles and safety measures. It is also defined as Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC).The communication is based on clustering the nodes to transmit the data from vehicle to vehicle. The overhead and stability are considered as main challenges that need to be addressed during vehicle intersections. In this paper, a novel self-adaptable Angular based k-medoid Clustering Scheme (SAACS) is proposed to form flexible clusters. The clusters are formed by estimating the road length and transmission ranges to minimize the network delay. And the Cluster Head (CH) is elected from a novel performance metric, ‘cosine-based node uncoupling frequency,’ that finds the best nodes irrespective of their current network statistics. The parametric analysis varies according to the number of vehicular nodes with the transmission range. The experimental results have proven that the proposed technique serves better in comparison to existing approaches such as Cluster Head Lifetime (CHL), Cluster Member Lifetime (CML), Cluster Number (CL), Cluster Overhead (CO), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and Average Packet Delay (APD). CHL is enhanced 40% as compare to Real-Time Vehicular Communication (RTVC), Efficient Cluster Head Selection (ECHS) whereas CML is 50% better than RTVC and ECHS. Packet loss ratio and overhead is 45% better in our proposed algorithm than RTVC and ECHS. It is observed from the results that the incorporation of cosine-based node uncoupling frequency has minimized the incongruity between vehicular nodes placed in dense and sparse zones of highways.
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