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Transfusion of blood and blood products is a double edged sword, so it should be used judiciously. The primary aim of the centralized Haemovigilance Program is to improve transfusion safety. To determine the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs) in recipients of blood and blood components. Prospective study from January 2014 till April 2015 was done. ATRs reported to the Department of Transfusion Medicine were recorded and analyzed on the basis of their clinical features and lab tests. During the study period 25,099 units of blood and blood components were transfused and 100 ATRs (0.40 %) were reported. The incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) was maximum (73 %) followed by allergic reactions (24 %), bacterial sepsis (1 %), hypotension due to ACE inhibitors (1 %) and acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) (1 %). Of all the reported ATRs, 76 % occurred with packed red cells, 15 % occurred with whole blood, while platelets and Fresh Frozen Plasma transfusions were responsible for 8 % and 1 %, respectively. The majority of the reactions were FNHTRs followed by allergic reactions. Reporting of all adverse events and continuous medical education to medical and paramedical staff will help in strengthening hemovigilance system.

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Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cells and has the ability to divide (through mitosis) to produce extra stem cells [1]. It is the ancestor at the top of the family tree of related cell types. Stem cells research is based on the knowledge about how a single cell leads to development of an organism and how damaged cells get replaced by healthy cells in adult organisms [2]. Based on the stage at which they are isolated stem cells can be categorized as embryogenic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells. Embryogenic stem cells are totipotent being derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst during gastrulation. Even after having the greatest biological potential, ethical issue on the use of ESCs has precluded their widespread study, especially in humans [3]. These are obtained from in vitro fertilization, or aborted embryos 3 or 4 day old embryo [4]. Adult stem cells are derived from postnatal fully developed tissue and are believed to renew cell populations, Recent and exciting new discoveries place dentists at the forefront of helping their patients benefit from potentially life-saving therapies derived from stem cells. The tooth is store house for these precious stem cells, and there is an abundance of these cells in baby teeth, wisdom teeth, and permanent teeth. Obtaining stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) is simple and convenient, with little or no trauma. SHEDs exhibit higher proliferative rate than bone marrow-derived MSCs and greater osteogenic differentiation potency than human dental pulp stem cells.

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