No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

We report the development of three rapid, fully automated immunoassays allowing the differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. These assays detect HBsAg, IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) using the IMx instrument system. All IMx assays were run in less than 45 minutes and all steps were fully automated including specimen dilution steps. Specimens from blood donors, diagnostic and hospital patients, and individuals with a variety of infectious and immune diseases were tested for IgM anti-HAV (n = 1473) or for IgM anti-HBc (n = 1606) or for HBsAg (n = 9700) by the IMx and commercially available EIA and RIA. Each IMx assay showed 99.8% agreement with current EIA. Reproducibility in all hepatitis IMx assays was significantly better than that observed with manual or semiautomated assays; within-run and between-run % CV ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 and 3.5 to 10.3 respectively. In 29 acute hepatitis B patients studied, HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc were detected in the first available patient bleed collected from 0 to 4 week from the onset of symptoms. IgM anti-HBc persisted at reactive levels in the IMx assay for 1 to 24 weeks (mean 12.1 +/- 5.3 weeks) after the patient presented with symptoms. In individuals exposed to hepatitis A, IgM anti-HAV was detectable by IMx by 40 days post exposure (average 33.5 days) and IgM had declined to unreactive levels in IMx for all patients by from 3 to 6 months post exposure. These data demonstrate the use of these rapid IMx assays for differentiation of acute hepatitis A and B.

The sense of the induction of the adducts in Table I (entries 8-10) could be established by correlation13 with (J?)-3-aminobutan-l-ol.314 The results confirm that amine addition does, in fact, take place preferentially on the re face of the crotonate unit, in agreement with related work.1115 This new enantioselective route to /3-amino esters is incontestably one of the most efficient asymmetric carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions known to date; furthermore the new 8arylmenthols that we have developed during the course of this work will undoubtedly prove to be powerful and general chiral auxiliaries in other enantioselective processes.

No abstract

052ChemInform Abstract (for comparison, some porphyrin model compounds are also investigated).