OleT, a recently
discovered member of the CYP152 family of cytochrome
P450s, catalyzes a unique decarboxylation reaction, converting free
fatty acids into 1-olefins and carbon dioxide using H2O2 as an oxidant. The C–C cleavage reaction proceeds
through hydrogen atom abstraction by an iron(IV)-oxo intermediate
known as Compound I. The capacity of the enzyme for generating important
commodity chemicals and liquid biofuels has inspired a flurry of investigations
seeking to maximize its biosynthetic potential. One common approach
has sought to address the limitations imposed by the H2O2 cosubstrate, particularly for in vivo applications. Numerous reports have shown relatively efficient decarboxylation
activity with various combinations of the enzyme with pyridine nucleotides,
biological redox donors, and dioxygen, implicating a mechanism whereby
OleT can generate Compound I via a canonical P450 O2 dependent
reaction scheme. Here, we have applied transient kinetics, cryoradiolysis,
and steady state turnover studies to probe the precise origins of
OleT turnover from surrogate redox systems. Electron transfer from
several redox donors is prohibitively sluggish, and the enzyme is
unable to form the hydroperoxo-ferric adduct that serves as a critical
precursor to Compound I. Despite the ability for OleT to readily bind
O2 once it is reduced, autoxidation of the enzyme and redox
partners leads to the generation of H2O2, which
is ultimately responsible for the vast majority of turnover. These
results illuminate several strategies for improving OleT for downstream
biocatalytic applications.