Background: Neonatal sepsis one of the most common cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Group B Streptococci being the most common organism in developed countries, whereas CONS and Gram negative bacteria frequently encountered organisms in developing countries. It is advisable to have an individualised institutional protocol based on their own culture reports to reduce the antibiotic resistance.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2016- February 2017, at the Department of Paediatrics, S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. The study included 65 neonates admitted in our NICU. A questionnaire was filled by mothers after taking consent. Data was Collected data was analysed.Results: In present study, we found that CONS were the most commonly isolated organisms followed by Klebsiella.Conclusions:Neonatal sepsis creates a significant burden due to its impact on neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity. Following proper hand washing techniques with minimal handling in intensive care units will reduce neonatal sepsis from opportunistic infections.
Liver Disease is mainly caused due to the Alcohol intake. Globally alcohol, drug induced liver disorders, hepatitis are the most common liver disorders finally leading to cirrhosis.The main aim of the study to Identify the Aetiology, Complications, Drug related problems and Therapeutics outcomes of the liver disorders among the patients of the general medicine department.To evaluate etiological factors involved in various liver disorders and liver diseases leading to cirrhosis. A hospital based, Prospective Observational study was carried out in general medicine in patient ward. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria the patient were enrolled after obtaining their consent.During this period we found the 150 patients admitted in the general medicine ward were males 125(83.33%), females 25(16.66%). In our study majority of the patients belongs to the age groups 41-50(47%, 31.34%) Followed by 31-40(39%, 26%). Various Liver Disorders are found in our study were DCLD (58%), Viral Hepatitis (14%), Cirrhosis (13.33%), ALD (1.33%). Various aetiological factors were Alcohol, Smoking, Drug abuse, Idiopathic, Abdominal pain. The most common drugs were given to the patient was antibiotic. The study emphasizes the need to improve awareness of the patients on liver diseases to promote early diagnosis, alcohol abstinence and reduce mortality. Hence there is a need to increase the involvement of clinical pharmacist in designing appropriate therapeutic regimen along with other health care professionals, with the ultimate goal of preventing mortality due to liver disorders.
Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the common metabolic problems in neonatal medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia is important as many studies found that, hypoglycaemic episodes in neonates lead to neurodevelopmental and physical growth deficits. In this study, blood glucose levels at different time points were assessed and the influence of maternal blood glucose, mode of delivery, gestational age on neonatal blood glucose levels were studied.Methods: Blood glucose levels were low at 0 and 6th hour and maximum at 24th hour. The blood glucose levels ranged from 27 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl. Neonates with high maternal blood glucose were hypoglycaemic, showing a negative correlation.Results: The mean blood glucose levels were low in pre-term and post term babies compared to term and the range was wide in pre-term and term babies compared to post-term. The mean blood glucose levels were high and range was wide in babies delivered vaginally at all the time points compared to the babies delivered by LSCS. 17% babies were hypoglycaemic at birth but none of them had signs. The major signs noted were jitteriness (88%), high cry (88%), lethargy (55%), tremors (55%), limpness (22%), apathy (22%), weak cry (11%) and poor feeding (11%).Conclusions: 0 and 6th hour are the vulnerable time points for hypoglycaemia. Neonates with high maternal blood glucose, pre-term, post-term and babies delivered by LSCS were more prone for hypoglycaemia requiring blood glucose monitoring. There is a wide variation in signs of hypoglycaemia and babies showing signs require monitoring.
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