The prevalence of OC in patients who had access to HAART was less when compared with those who did not have access to HAART.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective term for a number of developmental conditions characterized by abnormal enamel formation. AI is usually not associated with generalized findings; however, a few cases of AI associated with syndromes and metabolic disorders have been reported in the literature. We report two cases of AI presenting with renal disease and thereby highlight the importance of recognizing this possible association at an early stage, as AI in some cases, may be a marker of renal disease.

There were 36.9 million in the world living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as of 2017, and new infections have seen a reduction by 18% since 2010. But this rate of decline is not sufficient for the goal of eradication of AIDS by 2030. Only 21.7  million people infected with HIV have accesses to antiretroviral therapy, with the rest at risk of the potential complications of HIV infection. It has been shown that oral lesions are diagnostic and prognostic of HIV infection, and many oral opportunistic infections continue to be a major problem, particularly in developing countries. It is therefore important that dental surgeons be aware and updated to recognize and manage the oral effects of HIV infection/AIDS. This chapter describes the classification, diagnosis, and management of oral lesions in these patients, based on our current understanding of the infection. This review also discusses the standardization of diagnosis of oral lesions in HIV infection/AIDS patients, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome case definition, and the research priorities formulated at the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS.

Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, widely used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for treatment of HIV infection. Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) is the major toxicity of nevirapine. We describe here four cases of SJS in HIV seropositive patients following nevirapine therapy. In all four cases cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction was seen with extreme oral lesions, three patients presented clinically with elevated liver enzymes and hepatitis, and two patients had ocular involvement.

Background: Polycystic Ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is aheterogeneous disorder characterized by systemic dysfunctions and hormonal imbalance causing many morbidities. The incidence is on higher margin especially among Tropical Countries the major reason being inadequate awareness and knowledge about the disease condition. Studies available on PCOS focusses only on clinical diagnostics rather than reassuring awareness to combat the condition Aims & Objectives: To assess and analyse the knowledge, attitude and awareness towards Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among women of South East coastal population of India Materials and Methods: The study included 150 participants and analysed multiple parameters including sociodemographic profile, knowledge and awareness in a validated questionnaire format. Results: Among the participants, the awareness on PCOS is still below the expected margin with similar results on knowledge and attitude on practices. Conclusion: The present study observed that the current level of awareness on PCOS among the South-Eastern population is still in low key though relatively better than past decades and emphasizes the need to health education and awareness programmes to be incorporated in educational system improve to combat the low knowledge among rural population especially utilizing different sources, targeted approach to provide clear, appropriate and tangible information and preventive measures