Background: Polycystic Ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is aheterogeneous disorder characterized by systemic dysfunctions and hormonal imbalance causing many morbidities. The incidence is on higher margin especially among Tropical Countries the major reason being inadequate awareness and knowledge about the disease condition. Studies available on PCOS focusses only on clinical diagnostics rather than reassuring awareness to combat the condition Aims & Objectives: To assess and analyse the knowledge, attitude and awareness towards Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among women of South East coastal population of India Materials and Methods: The study included 150 participants and analysed multiple parameters including sociodemographic profile, knowledge and awareness in a validated questionnaire format. Results: Among the participants, the awareness on PCOS is still below the expected margin with similar results on knowledge and attitude on practices. Conclusion: The present study observed that the current level of awareness on PCOS among the South-Eastern population is still in low key though relatively better than past decades and emphasizes the need to health education and awareness programmes to be incorporated in educational system improve to combat the low knowledge among rural population especially utilizing different sources, targeted approach to provide clear, appropriate and tangible information and preventive measures
Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost-effective diagnostic technique for evaluation of salivary gland lesions. But, then, cytological evaluation of salivary gland lesions also has lot of challenges. To overcome the difficulties, "The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology" (MSRSGC) was introduced for diagnosis and management and establishing the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. The present study was conducted to grade the salivary gland lesions according to Milan system of reporting and to correlate with their histopathological findings. Material and Methods : The current study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry for a period of 5 years. Around 153 salivary gland lesions were aspirated. Salivary gland swellings were examined clinically, correlated with the details on the request forms and ultrasound findings, palpated and aspirated. The cytological features were evaluated and categorized according to Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology": Category 1: Nondiagnostic (ND); Category 2: Non-neoplastic (NN); Category 3: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS); Category 4a: Neoplasm: benign (NB), Category 4b: Neoplasm: salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP); Category 5: suspicious of malignancy (SM); and Category 6: Malignant (M). They were further correlated with histopathological findings. All data were entered in MS excel sheet. Results : Total 153 cases were evaluated cytologically, and histological followup was available in 134 cases. The distribution of cases into different categories were as follows Non-Diagnsotic (2.6%), Non-Neoplastic (20.9%), Atypia of Undetermined Significance (1.9%), Neoplastic-Benign (41.1%),Salivary gland neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential (0%), Suspicious of Maligancy (0%) and Malignancy (33.3 %). Risk of malignancy were observed in categories 2 and 6 and were 3.84 % and 78.2 %. Sensitivity of FNAC in diagnosing salivary gland lesions was 84.2 %, specificity was 98.21%,positive predictive value was 94.64%, and negative predictive value was 91.70% with an accuracy of 93.60%. Conclusion: MSRSGC is a novel reporting system in cytological diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Implementation of this reporting system in cytological diagnosis has enabled establishment of adequate diagnosis, assessment of risk stratification and facilitating clinicians to take further step in management plan.
Introduction: Breast diseases are the major pathological lesion occurring among Tropical females with high co-morbidities. Cystic disease of breast is a broad entity often having many differentials clinically reaching out to the Pathologists. Epidermoid cysts of breast are condition occurring in cutaneous adnexae of extremities and its occurrence in breast is a rare entity. While trauma/therapeutic surgery including trucut biopsy is the major underlying cause, it is characterized by cystic lesion in dermis especially in peri-areolar region. Though radio-imaging serves to pick up cystic lesions, it downplays in categorizing the nature of the cyst. Cytology plays a major role in diagnosing the disease, appropriate clinico-pathological correlation with radio-imaging may improvise early pick up of this condition, thereby aiding in prompt treatment. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted for a period of 4 years with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the clinical details including history of surgery, trauma, site, socio-demography, size, radio diagnosis etc, were documented in a proforma. Patients are subjected to routine cytology procedure at clinician's request. Biopsy was done in specific indicated cases as therapeutic procedure and also for histological correlation the data are entered in tables and analysis was done aiming to frame clinico-pathological correlation with radio-imaging interpretation. Results and Observations: A total number of 10 cases were analysed in the study period. Left breast was predominantly affected and age incidence ranged between 3 rd to 5 th decade. While retro-areolar region was commonly involved, clinical diagnosis had many differentials. Cytology aspirates showed pultaceous to blood mixed material and corresponding Cytology showed keratinous cells with inflammation which were confirmed on histology on 7 available cases. Conclusion: Epidermoid cyst of breast is a rare condition and should be kept as one of the differential diagnosis by clinician and Pathologist while dealing with cystic breast diseases. Cytology procedure holds good in effective diagnosis of the condition and Clinico-Pathological correlation aids in improvising early diagnosis thereby alleviating patient's stress.
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