ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether individuals consider their HCV infection to be a potentially traumatic experience. Additionally, we investigated its association with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the impact of PTSD diagnosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in HCV infected subjects.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 127 HCV-infected outpatients recruited at a University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil. All subjects answered an orally-administered questionnaire to gather clinical and socio-demographic data. We investigated traumatic experiences and the subject's perception of the disease using the Trauma History Questionnaire. PTSD and other psychiatric diagnoses were assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Brazilian Version 5.0.0 (M.I.N.I. PLUS). HRQoL was assessed using Short-Form 36 (SF-36).ResultsApproximately 38.6% of the patients considered hepatitis C to be a traumatic experience. Of these, 60.7% had a PTSD diagnosis. PTSD was associated with significant impairment in quality of life for individuals in seven SF-36 domains as shown bymultivariate analysis: Role-Physical (β: −24.85; 95% CI: −42.08; −7.61), Bodily Pain (β: −19.36; 95% CI: −31.28; −7.45), General Health (β: −20.79; 95% CI: −29.65; −11.92), Vitality (β: −11.92; 95% CI: −20.74; −3.1), Social Functioning (β: −34.73; 95% CI: −46.79; −22.68), Role-Emotional (β: −26.07; 95% CI: −44.61; −7.53), Mental Health (β: −17.46; 95% CI: −24.38; −10.54).ConclusionHCV is frequently a traumatic experience and it is strongly associated with PTSD diagnosis. PTSD significantly impaired HRQoL.
IntroductionLeprosy is an infectious disease with high physical disability and is strongly associated with chronic pain, since there may be significant impairment of the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, the stigma associated with the label of leprosy persists and imposes a high social commitment of the disease.Objective/aimsDescribe the frequency of psychiatric comorbidities in leprosy patients and check if they had been previously diagnosed and were in psychiatric care.MethodThe study was conducted with a sample of 120 leprosy patients treated at two hospitals for leprosy: Hospital Dom Rodrigo de Menezes and University Hospital of Federal University of Bahia, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Survey participants were older than 18 years of age, had confirmed the diagnosis of leprosy and were in antimicrobial treatment. Patients were evaluated face to face with a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINIPlus) in Portuguese. The period of data collection was limited from October 2009 to June 2012.ResultsThe assessment using the MINI-Plus showed that 34 (28.33%) patients did not have any psychiatric diagnosis and 86 (71.66%) had at least one. Of these 86 patients, 25(20.83%), met the criteria for one diagnosis, 26 (21.66%) had two diagnoses and the rest, 35 (29.16%), had three or more psychiatric diagnoses. All patients with moderate or high risk for suicide had one or more psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionLeprosy patients have a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. Beyond that, most of them had no previous psychiatric diagnosis and the absolute majority were not in treatment.
BackgroundAdolescence and early adulthood are the most vulnerable period of life for exposure to traumatic experiences (70% of their deaths are due to external causes). The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by dysfunctional symptoms that cause distress or social, academic and occupational impairment, and results from exposure to a traumatic stressor. There is no consensus in the literature about why some individuals experience PTSD after traumatic events and not others. The aim of this multicentre study is to describe clinical and socio-demographic characteristics and academic performance in college student's population in the Northeast of Brazil, identifying traumatic experiences exposure patterns, and investigating the impulsivity's influence in the development of PTSD, as well as the impact of early traumatic experiences in vulnerability or resilience in this population.Methods/design2282 subjects completed the protocol between April and July 2011 in a sample census of seven (public and private) college institutions in three metropolitan regions of the Brazilian Northeast, aiming to cover different academic areas (exact, biological, humanities /arts). All students aged 18 or older, enrolled and attending to the first and last theoretical period were eligible, and accessed by previously trained researchers. The self applied protocol consisted of socio-demographic questionnaire and validated scales of: Impulsivity (BIS-11), PTSD (PCL-C) and Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ). Data were entered into SPSS 15.0. Prevalence Ratio and Logistic Regression technique will be used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables of the study, that was approved by Bahia and Paraiba's ethics committees.
Objectives/aimsTo review the historical evolution of the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), presenting its main features and modified versions.MethodsTwo independent reviewers performed a search in PubMed for articles, available since the development of the scale until June 2012, looking for those studies that used the FIS or any of its modified versions as an instrument for data collection. The terms used for the search were “Fatigue Impact Scale.” After individual analysis and consensus procedure, 201 articles were selected for the data basis of this study. Data were extracted using standardized forms with the following information: version of the scale, year and country where the study was conducted, the methodological study's design, language in which the scale was applied, and how many patients responded to any one of the versions.ResultsThis review found 4 validated modified versions of FIS and 2 reduced forms, in 27 different countries. The largest concentration was in United States, followed by other English-speaking countries. The FIS was the version most commonly used, followed by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Approximately 46,483 individuals have been evaluated with one of the versions of FIS in 29 different pathologies. Most of these studies used a cross-sectional design.ConclusionThe number of studies using the FIS and its modifications has grown substantially. However, this study evaluates methodological limitations which still hinder the synthesis of the scale's performance through meta-analysis. Still, the FIS has been used in relevant studies that contribute to understand fatigue broadly.
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