Background: Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of many economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. The mechanisms by which these bacteria can invade the mucosa, evade innate immunity and cause systemic disease are slowly being elucidated. Many key virulence factors are yet to be identified, including those required for initial attachment and invasion of host cells and for persistence in a relatively nutrient poor and hostile environment. This has led to intensive research to understand host adaptation mechanisms and virulence factors in order to develop effective vaccines.
Methods: The present study was carried out to know the distribution of virulence genes viz., haemoglobin binding proteins (hgbA and hgbB), outer membrane protein (ompH), fimbrial antigen (ptfA), filamentous haemagglutinin (pfhA) and transferrin binding protein (tbpA) by PCR in P. multocida CapA isolates from apparently healthy or carrier animals and CapB isolates from field Haemorrhagic septicemia (HS) cases to monitor the epidemiological associations of virulence genes in Cap A and Cap B isolates.
Result: The study revealed that all the six virulence associated genes were present in Cap B isolates. None of the Cap A isolates harboured tbpA and pfhA genes. These two genes were closely related to serotype B causing Haemorrhagic septicemia and were epidemiologically associated with disease status.
Background: Bovine mastitis is a multifactorial and is one of the most challenging disease. It can be caused by many different bacterial species, the most common of which are Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species. The prevalence of different species varies temporally, geographically and also due to control measures adopted in herds. The present study is on the biofilm forming Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis and the effect of antibiofilm agents on the antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms. Methods: The isolates were identified by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two antibiofilm agents, resveratrol and ursolic acid (UA) each at two concentrations (30 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) were used for the study. Biofilm formation and rate of biofilm inhibition was detected using quantitative microtiter plate (MTP) assay and biofilm gene (lux S) was detected using PCR. The isolates treated with antibiofilm agents were subjected to standard disc diffusion test with 7 antibiotics and the change in antibiotic resistance was studied. Result: The mean±SE values of inhibition rates of 29 S. uberis isolates by 30 μg/ml UA, 100 μg/ml UA, 30 μg/ml resveratrol, 100 μg/ml resveratrol were 33.96±3.17%, 57.40±2.8%, 31.35±3.12% and 46.28±3.47%, respectively. Biofilm inhibiting agents along with all antibiotics had reduced antimicrobial resistance by 1.5-2 times on in vitro antibiotic resistance testing by disc diffusion at 100 μg/ml concentration. The antibiofilm agents were found to be very effective to control antibiotic resistance of S. uberis from mastitic milk samples in vitro.
The plant Pseudarthria viscida (Linn) belongs to Fabaceae family. It is a perennial shrub distributed throughout all districts of south India, also reported from Sri Lanka and Timor. Traditionally, the plant used in treatment of intermittent fever, urinary diseases, tumors, edema, and burning sensation, difficulty in breathing and toxic conditions. Herbal medicine is used frequently a part of larger therapeutic system like Traditional and folk medicine. Assortment of literature, the plant posses' anti-diabetic, anti oxidant, anti tumor, anti hypertensive, anti diarrheal activities and it is necessary to evaluate in a scientific base, the potential use of folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract leaves of Pseudarthria viscida Linn, Phytochemical screening which indicated presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.