Resistance of E. coli to antibiotics is not only an obstacle for the control of this infection but also provides conditions for the transfer of drug resistance factors to other enterobacteria (1). The presence of drug resistant E. coli in the fowl slaughtered for meat is of public health significance (4). Because of the concentration of poultry population around Ludhiana E. coli infections among domestic fowl are on the increase and drug resistant strains are often isolated from E. coli infections. Material and MethodsA total of 202 E. coli strains were isolated from 183 diseased and 19 apparently healthy fowl. One hundred and twenty-eight of the E. coli were typed into 23 0 serogroups, 21 were untypable and 53 were rough. The susceptibility of each of the 202 strains was tested against ten antimicrobial agents using discs'. The drug susceptibility test was carried out as described by CRUICKSHANK et al. (2) with commercially available Mueller Hinton agar as test medium. The criteria of CRUICKSHANK et al.(2) based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition around a 6mm. disc was used to classify the cultures as "sensitive", "moderately sensitive" and "resistantP. Results and DiscussionThe results of the susceptibility tests of E. coli strains to various antimicrobial agents are given in Table 1. The majority of E. coli strains (95-100 per cent) from diseased and apparently healthy fowl were susceptible to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and neomycin and as such these are the drugs of choice for treatment of E . coli infections. Comparing the results of the susceptibility of E. coli from apparently healthy and diseased fowl it was '' Span Diagnostics, Surat and Assoc. Discs, Bombay.

Die Bakterienflora des oberen Respirationstraktes wild lebender Vogel in der Umgebung von Farmen in der Gegend von Ludhiana (Punjab, Indien) wurde untersucht. Von den 100 untersuchten Vogeln waren 63 Trager verschiedener Bakterienarten und insgesamt wurden 79 Bakterienstamme, die 16 verscfiiedenen Spezies angehorten, aus der Laryngo-Tracheal-Gegend dieser Tiere isoliert. Das Vorherrschen von pathogenen Bakterienarten wie Staph. aureus, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Klebsiella, Esch. coli, Pseudomonas und Pasteurella bei den wild lebenden Vogeln dieser Gegend weist darauf hin, daa sie fur die Ubertragung dieser Mikroorganismen von einer Quelle zur anderen verantwortlich sein konnten.

Abortions in cattle and buffaloes are attributed to many aetiological agents. Brucellosis primarily and Q fever occasionally are associated with abortions in sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes. Both diseases are worldwide in distribution and are of public health importance.

Summary A case of clinical mastitis in a cow with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was recorded. The isolate was sensitive to neomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and streptomycin, and of resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin.

Summary Pathological studies were made on Red Dane X Sahiwal cattle and buffaloes after inducing acute ruminal acidosis by feeding a single dose of cane sugar molasses, crushed oats or crushed barley grains through a rumen fistula. Gross changes observed in animals that died 96 hours later included exfoliative changes in the rumen mucosa, peritonitis, hepatic necrosis, duodenal and abomasal haemorrhages, pulmonary oedema, necrotic changes in the kidney, degeneration in the myocardium and congestion of the brain and meninges. Animals that died within 24 hours of the experiment showed no significant lesions. Histopathological lesions observed included severe diffuse coagulative necrosis and hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium in the liver, degenerative changes in the renal tubules, thickening of the interstitial septa in the lungs and haemorrhages in the Virchow‐Robin space of the brain. Included in the study was a natural case of rumen acidosis in a Sahiwal cow. The gross and histopathological lesions were largely similar to those observed in the experimental animals. Zusammenfassung Pathologische Veränderungen bei der Pansenazidose bei Rindern und Büffeln Die Versuche wurden an Kreuzungsrindern (Red Dane X Sahiwalrind) und Büffeln ausgeführt. Die akute Pansenazidose wurde durch einmalige Verabreichung von Zuckermelasse, gequetschtem Hafer oder gequetschter Gerste mittels Pansenfistel ausgelöst. Bei Tieren, die 96 Stunden später starben, wurden makroskopisch folgende Veränderungen gefunden: Erosionen an der Pansenschleimhaut, Peritonitis, Lebernekrosen, Hämorrhagien im Labmagen und Duodenum, Lungenödem, Nierennekrosen, Myokarddegeneration, Blutstauungen im Gehirn und in den Meningen. Tiere, welche innerhalb 24 Stunden nach dem Beginn des Experiments starben, zeigten keine signifikanten Veränderungen. Histopathologische Veränderungen: Schwere Koagulationsnekrose und Hyperplasie am Gallengangsepithel sowie in der Leber, Degeneration der Nierentubuli, Verdickung der interstitiellen Septen in der Lunge, Hämorrhagien im Virchow‐Robin Raum des Gehirnes. Bei einer spontanen Pansenazidose glichen die makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Veränderungen denen bei den experimentell ausgelösten Fällen. Résumé Lésions pathologiques lors d'acidose de la panse chez des bovins et des buffles Les essais ont été faits sur des animaux croisés (Red Dane X Sahiwal) et des buffles. L'acidose aiguë de la panse fut provoquée par l'administration unique de mélasse de sucre, de l'avoine et de l'orge concassée au moyen d'une fistule de la panse. Les lésions macroscopiques suivantes furent constatées sur les animaux qui ont péri après 96 heures: érosions sur la muqueuse de la panse, péritonite, nécrose hépatique, hémorragies dans la caillette et le duodénum, oedème pulmonaire, nécroses rénales, dégénérescence du myocarde, congestions dans le cerveau et les méninges. Les animaux péris après 24 heures n'ont pas montré de lésions significatives. Lésions histopathologiques: grave nécrose de coagulation et hyperplasie de l'épithélium des canaux...