Bacterial Flora of the Respiratory Tract of Wild Birds in Ludhiana (Punjab)

Sambyal, D. S.; Baxi, K. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01651.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…are opportunistic diarrhea causes pathogens in poultry. Sambyal and Baxi (1980) Studies have shown that E. coli, a normal habitat of human and animal intestines, when constantly gets exposed to antibiotics; it develops resistance in order to survive. When these resistant isolates are excreted to the environment by faeces, they tend to spread resistance genes by vertical gene transfer to pathogens (Sorum and Sunde, 2001;Richard and Yitzhak, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications

Wadoum

Zambou

Anyangwe

et al. 2016

British Poultry Science

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The types and methods of use of antibiotics in poultry farms in Cameroon, residual levels and potential microbial resistance were determined. A questionnaire-based survey identified the different antibiotics used and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine residual levels of antibiotics. Pathogens were isolated, identified by use of commercial API kits and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined. Oxytetracyclin, tylocip and TCN (oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and neomycin) were the most frequently used antibiotics. Antibiotics screened by HPLC were chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vancomycin. All of them except vancomycin were detected, and the concentration of these antibiotics was higher than the maximum residual limits (MRL) set by regulatory authorities. No residues of various antibiotics were found in egg albumen or yolk. The concentration of tetracycline was significantly higher in liver (150 ± 30 µg/g) than in other tissues. Foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., Clostridium spp. and Escherichia spp., were identified. Most of the pathogens were resistant to these various antibiotics tested. These findings imply the need for better management of antibiotic use to control sources of food contamination and reduce health risks associated with the presence of residues and the development of resistant pathogens by further legislation and enforcement of regulations on food hygiene and use of antibiotics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications

Wadoum

Zambou

Anyangwe

et al. 2016

British Poultry Science

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show abstract

“…and Pasteurella spp. (Sambyal and Baxi, 1980). There are many factors that predispose the respiratory tract infections by the normal bacterial flora.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Respiratory Tract of Apparently Healthy Quails

et al. 2013

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A B S T R A C TThe study was undertaken for isolation, identification and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity assay of bacteria present in the respiratory tract of apparently healthy Japanese quails. A total of 50 samples comprised of tracheal swabs (n = 18), tracheal washings (n = 8), air sacs (n = 8), lungs (n = 8) and exudates of infraorbital sinuses (n = 8) were aseptically collected from 26 apparently healthy Japanese quails. The samples were inoculated onto a variety of media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by colony morphology, Gram's staining and biochemical tests. In total, 25 (50%), 9 (18%), 22 (44%), 20 (40%) and 24 (48%) isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pasteurella spp., Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of one randomly selected isolate from each genus of bacteria were performed against 10 common antibiotics. E. coli showed resistance to four antibiotics (amoxicillin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline); Salmonella spp. showed resistance to seven antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline); Pasteurella spp. to three antibiotics (erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline); Bacillus spp. to chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid and Staphylococcus spp. to amoxicillin and ampicillin. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Data of this study indicate that multidrug resistant bacteria are present in the respiratory tract of clinically healthy quails. This is the first report of isolation, identification and antibiogram profile of bacteria present in the respiratory tract of quails in Bangladesh.

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Estimation of Cultivable Bacterial Diversity in the Cloacae and Pharynx in Eurasian Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus)

et al. 2014

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In this work, we describe the biodiversity of cloacal and pharynx culture-based bacteria (commensal and pathogenic), in 75 Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two geographic areas. We address the question of whether the cultivable microbiota of vultures is organised into assemblages occurring by chance. In addition, we assess bacterial diversity in both anatomic regions and geographic areas. Bacterial diversity was represented by 26 Gram-negative and 20 Gram-positive genera. The most common genera were Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium and Lactococcus. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common species in cloacal and pharyngeal samples. Staphylococcus and Erysipelothrix were isolated from the pharynx and Salmonella and Corynebacterium from the cloacae, and no Campylobacter was isolated from the cloacal swabs. Ten cloacal swabs were positive for Salmonella, of which five isolates were Salmonella enterica serotype 4,(5),12:i:-, one isolate was S. enterica serotype Derby, three isolates were S. enterica serotype 61:k:1,5,7 and one isolate was S. enterica serotype Infantis. The null modelling approach revealed that the commensal bacteria of vultures are not structured in assemblages. On the other hand, differences in bacterial genus and species richness between cloacal and pharyngeal samples or between geographic areas were clear, with the pharynx in vultures from both geographic areas being richer. The results of this study indicate also that vultures can serve as a reservoir of certain pathogenic zoonotic bacteria. The dissemination of these zoonotic pathogens in wildlife could be prevented by periodic sanitary surveys.

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Bacterial Flora of the Respiratory Tract of Wild Birds in Ludhiana (Punjab)

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications

Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Respiratory Tract of Apparently Healthy Quails

Estimation of Cultivable Bacterial Diversity in the Cloacae and Pharynx in Eurasian Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus)

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