Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Respiratory Tract of Apparently Healthy Quails

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThe study was undertaken for isolation, identification and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity assay of bacteria present in the respiratory tract of apparently healthy Japanese quails. A total of 50 samples comprised of tracheal swabs (n = 18), tracheal washings (n = 8), air sacs (n = 8), lungs (n = 8) and exudates of infraorbital sinuses (n = 8) were aseptically collected from 26 apparently healthy Japanese quails. The samples were inoculated onto a variety of media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by colony morphology, Gram's staining and biochemical tests. In total, 25 (50%), 9 (18%), 22 (44%), 20 (40%) and 24 (48%) isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pasteurella spp., Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of one randomly selected isolate from each genus of bacteria were performed against 10 common antibiotics. E. coli showed resistance to four antibiotics (amoxicillin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline); Salmonella spp. showed resistance to seven antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline); Pasteurella spp. to three antibiotics (erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline); Bacillus spp. to chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid and Staphylococcus spp. to amoxicillin and ampicillin. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Data of this study indicate that multidrug resistant bacteria are present in the respiratory tract of clinically healthy quails. This is the first report of isolation, identification and antibiogram profile of bacteria present in the respiratory tract of quails in Bangladesh.

Detection of Multidrug Resistant and Shiga Toxin Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) From Apparently Healthy Broilers in Jessore, Bangladesh

“…In this study, the isolates of E. coli were found to ferment the five basic sugars with the production of both acid and gas (Figure 4). Similar sugar fermentation test results were reported by several authors [21,22,25]. Results of sugar fermentation, motility and biochemical testsare summarizes in the Table (2).…”

“…Colony characteristics of E. coli observed in EMB and MC agar and found green metallic sheen colony in EMB agar and rose pink lactose fermented colony in MC agar (Figure 1). Similar Colonial feature were reported by [21,22]. In Gram's staining isolated bacteria were found Gram negative short rod in single or paired arranged (Figure 2) which was supported by several authors [21][22][23].…”

“…Negative Oxidase test and positive Catalase testresults were also reported by other authors [23,25] in their research work. The isolates exhibited positive reaction in Indole test, Methyl Red test and Citrate test but negative reaction in Voges-Proskauer test (Figure 3) which were reported by many authors [21][22][23]25]. In this study, the isolates of E. coli were found to ferment the five basic sugars with the production of both acid and gas (Figure 4).…”

Antimicrobial resistance situation in animal health of Bangladesh

“…Two studies reported the dissemination of MDR Salmonella in unconventional farming systems. Apparently healthy quails and pigeons were found to carry MDR Salmonella with resistance against amoxicillin (90%), ampicillin (80%), erythromycin (80%), tetracycline (60%), chloramphenicol (40%), kanamycin (40%), gentamicin (40%), nalidixic acid (40%), sulfamethoxazole (30%), and ciprofloxacin (20%) [ 32 , 39 ]. In LBM, broiler meat, poultry slaughterers’ hand, and poultry residual containers harbored MDR Salmonella with the highest resistance to imipenem (83.33%) [ 22 , 36 ].…”

“…A total of eight ABR bacterial species were reported in layer, broiler, backyard poultry, ducks, pigeons, and quails in nine different districts of Bangladesh (Table-1) [8,15,16,22,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. ABR Escherichia coli was identified in different types of birds from both conventional and unconventional farming systems in different areas of Bangladesh.…”