Two hundred twenty undamaged human fetuses without external malformations were supplied by the human embryo and fetus collection at the Department of Anatomy, Kyoto University. The diameters of the cornea and eyeball were measured by slide calipers under a stereomicroscope. The various diameters of the eyeball showed a parallel, linear increase from the 12th to the 28th week of menstrual age. Corneal diameters appeared to increase in parallel with the eyeball as a whole until the 16th week of menstrual age; later on their rate of growth declined. The corneal limbus could be recognized macroscopically at the 17th week of menstrual age and was distinctly seen from the 20th week of menstrual age. The corneal curve at the limbus began to be a little convex at the 21st week of menstrual age and became distinctly convex from the 23rd week. The cornea was transparent from the 12th to the 28th week of menstrual age. The sclera lost its transparency from the 21st week. It is significant that during fetal life the sagittal diameter of the eyeball is shorter than the vertical and transverse diameters.
Binocular visual function after surgery for detached retina was examined in 100 patients with a visual acuity of less than 0.3 in the reattached retina and with a visual acuity of more than 1.0 in the non-detached retina: 1) There was no significant sex difference in binocular visual function. 2) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function according to postoperative interval. 3) Maintenance of postoperative binocular visual function was best in patients under 19 years of age, and grew worse with age. 4) In patients with a visual acuity of more than 0.1 in the reattached retina, simultaneous perception was good in 100%, and fusion in more than 80%. However, stereopsis was worse in most cases. 5) In patients with a visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the reattached retina, all aspects of binocular visual function were worse, except in those under 19 years of age. 6) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function between patients with and without temporary amputation of extrinsic ocular muscles at operation. 7) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function between patients with and without macular detachment before operation. 8) In the patients who had had an encircling operation, binocular visual function was worse than in those operated on with other procedures, because the former had the severest retinal detachment.
The relationship between the ‘diabetic state’ and massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) in idiopathic retinal detachment was examined. In 18 (3.5%) of 508 cases of idiopathic retinal detachment, MPP occurred before or after retinal detachment surgery. In 24 cases of retinal detachment, a diabetic or suspected diabetic state was found. 11 of the 24 were receiving treatment for diabetes and never developed MPP, while 5 of the 13 patients who were not being treated had MPP. This suggests that MPP in retinal detachment may easily be induced by the diabetic state and prevented by treatment for diabetes. Additional causes of MPP in retinal detachment were giant tears, massive vitreous hemorrhages at operation and frequent recurrence.
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