In men orchitis represents the most common complication of mumps infection and occurs in 5 to 37% of this population. Bilateral manifestation is observed in 16 to 65% of the patients. The most important danger is the risk of testicular atrophy which results in sterility. Four patients with bilateral mumps orchitis received systemic treatment with interferon-alpha 2B (3 x 10(6) IU per day) for 7 days. All acute symptoms of mumps orchitis disappeared within 2 to 4 days of hospitalization. During 6 to 15 months of followup no incidence of testicular atrophy was observed. In 3 of 4 patients pre-treatment examination revealed subfertility (oligoasthenospermia), while 2 to 4 months after interferon treatment, as well as during the entire followup period normospermia was found. No severe adverse effects occurred during treatment. The flu-like symptoms could be prevented by concomitant administration of paracetamol (500 mg. 3 times a day). Systemic treatment with interferon-alpha 2B appears to be highly effective in preventing sterility and testicular atrophy after bilateral mumps orchitis. Further investigations involving larger populations should be performed to establish the present promising results.
The number of reported cases of congenital and acquired penile deviation is evidently increasing. We describe our experience with the penile plication procedure, which we used to treat 40 patients with penile deviation. Postoperatively, all patients regained the ability for sexual intercourse, with potency remaining unimpaired. Of the patients 96% were completely satisfied with the result of the operation. Sustained complications have not been observed. To avoid major trauma the surgical intervention should not include removal of ellipsoids from the penile tunica albuginea as proposed by Nesbit. Since the penile plication method produces equally good results in terms of performance and appearance, this therapy should be preferred.
Under clinical conditions, intestinal mucosal hyperproliferation together with a reduced diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was found in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, we studied the influence on DAO activity of a regulated mucosal proliferation as obtained following partial small bowel resection in a rat model. A statistically significant, more than 4-fold elevation of the enzymic activity was observed during the first days after partial resection. At the peak of mucosal proliferation (8th. postoperative day) the DAO activity was significantly reduced by about 50% of the initial value. We suggest that the DAO may be involved in a negative feed-back control mechanism of mucosal proliferation.
After various kinds of intestinal mucosal injuries, whether by disease or by experiment, the diamine oxidase activity is reduced. Therefore, we studied the effect of surgical manipulations on the intestinal mucosa and diamine oxidase activity. The reaction of the gut on the insertion of sutures was a transient increase of the enzymic activity followed by reduction as soon as the mucosa started to gain weight. After a standardized pressure injury only a reduction of the diamine oxidase activity together with an enhancement of the mass of the intestinal wall was found. A hypothesis of a feed-back regulation of the diamine oxidase activity connected with mucosal proliferation is proposed.
Muscle damage, recurrent and serious infections or exercise-induced fatigue especially to the end of the playing period in team sport or to the end of preparation for competition in endurance or single sport are the most common symptoms in elite sport demolishing optimal training results. Are micronutrient deficiencies responsible for these symptoms in elite sport. Methods:In 111 elite athletes [male: 50female: 61 / soccer: 21field hockey: 62 -Olympics: 19tennis: 5 -motorsports (DTM-Formula1): 4] blood vitamin D, coenzymeQ10, vitamin B1-B2-B6-B12 and folic acid as well as selenium, ferrum and magnesium intraerythrocytary were determined. In all elite athletes the symptoms muscle damage, infections, sleeping disorder and fatigue were correlated. A Spearman-ranking coefficient of correlation, a chi-quadrat-test by Pearson and an independent t-test were used. Results:In 51, 3% of all elite athletes (N=57/111) a vitamin Ddeficiency (< 30 ng/ml), in 57% (N=61/107) a seleniumdeficiency (< 121 µg/l), in 70% (N=77/110) a coenzymeQ10deficiency (< 750 µg/l) and in 27,1% (N=19/70) a magnesium deficiency intraerythrocytary were established. In cases of young player (< 18) vitamin D and of young national player (U16-U21) ferrum intraerythrocytary compared to national A player were poorly supplied [vitamin D: 25,71 ± 9,58 ng/ml vs 35,87 ± 12,35 ng/ml (p=0,007)ferrum: 407,13 ± 43,09 mg/l vs 460,29 ± 36,69 mg/l (p=0,018)]. Muscle damages (in 73% of all cases) significantly occurred in vitamin D deficiency [29,13 ± 9,38 ng/dl vs 36,27 ± 12,09 ng/dl, p=0,005] and in coenzymeQ10 deficiency [623,31 ± 226,31 µg/l vs 732,93 ± 408,19 µg/l, p=0,039] more frequently. Comparing the settings of vitamin D 40ng/ml [27,50 ± 7,85 ng/ml vs 46,31 ± 6,71 ng/ml, OR=4,53, p=0,007] muscle damage were observed 4,53 times more frequent in the lower group, whereas the settings of vitaminB1-(thiamine) < 50 µg/l vs > 50 µg/l [36,45 ± 7,01 µg/l vs 63,24 ± 24,33 ng/ml, OR=0,38, p=0,045] showed muscle damage in 62% less frequent in the lower group. No significances were observed in infection, sleeping disorder or fatigue. Conclusion:Independantly to the type of sports, except all bvitamines, deficiencies of essential vitamins and trace elements in elite sports were observed. Vitamin D-as well as coenzymeQ10deficiencies and vitaminB1-excess play an important and significant role developing muscle damages. Further studies preventing muscle damages, recurrent infections and fatigue by treating elite athletes with micronutrients to eradicate those deficiencies are necessary.
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