Efficient electron donors, phenothiazine (PTZ)/phenoxazine (POZ) substituted imidazolium (IMI) and benzimidazolium (BIMI) iodide solid organic ionic conductors (SOICs) possessing good thermal stability and high conductivity are synthesized and used as electrolytes in solid state dye solar cell (ss-DSSC).

Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are synthesized through a simple metal-free, cost-effective approach. The strategized synchronization of electron-rich phenoxazine with benzimidazolium iodide (OIPC-I) and bromide (OIPC-Br) salts lead to enhanced hole mobility and conductivity of OIPCs which is suitable for an efficient alternative to conventional organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The fabricated PSCs with OIPC-I as hole transporting layer yielded a power conversion efficiency of 15.0% and 18.1% without and with additive (Li salt) respectively, which are comparable with spiro-OMeTAD based devices prepared under similar conditions. Furthermore, the PSCs with OIPCs show good stability compared to the spiro-OMeTAD with or without additives. Here, first time benzimidazolium-based OIPCs have been used as an alternative organic HTM for perovskite solar cells, which opens a window for the design of effective OIPCs for highly efficient PSCs with long-term stability.

Aqueous photoelectrochemical devices have emerged recently as promising area because of their economic and ecological friendliness. In the present work, we have expedited surface active amphiphilic quasi-solid aqueous polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) with hydrophobic sensitizer SK3 in water-based dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). PGE was prepared from amphiphilic block copolymer (PEO)−(PPO)− (PEO) with iodide−triiodide couple in pure aqueous media without any organic solvent. This block copolymer, with iodide-triiodide salt exhibits 1D-lamellar microcrystalline phase which shows stability in the temperature range of 25−50 °C. Parallel (|| al ) and perpendicular (⊥ ar ) alignment of anisotropic lamellar microcrystalline phase pertaining by PGE were characterized and applied in quasi-solid DSSC. Temperature dependency of ionic conductivity, triiodide diffusion, differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity, and 1-D lamellar anisotropic behavior were studied. Surface active effect of PGE at the hydrophobic dye sensitized photoanode was investigated and compared with liquid water based electrolyte. Because of the amphiphilic nature and thermoreversible sol−gel transition of PGE at a lower temperature (0 to −2 °C) allowing PGE to penetrate efficiently inside the hydrophobic surface of dye−TiO 2 and resulted in a fused contact between dye−TiO 2 /PGE interface. This aqueous PGE successfully enhances the performance of DSSCs over liquid water based devices by improving their V oc and stability. Under 0.5 sun illumination, DSSC with 1-D lamellar perpendicularly align PGE shows an efficiency of 2.8% and stability up to 1000 h at 50 °C.

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A single-route annulated sensitizer and organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPC) are employed as redox couples and light-harvesting contributor are presented as a binary sensitizer-electrolyte system enabled via energy transfer in...

<p class="BodyA"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to observe the antibiogram, vancomycin MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), and inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of MRSA (Methicillin-Resistance <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>).</p><p class="BodyA"><strong>Methods: </strong>Drug resistance pattern was studied by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. MIC of vancomycin was determined by agar dilution method.</p><p class="BodyA"><strong>Results: </strong>MRSA was found to be highly resistant to gentamicin (76%), erythromycin (67.03%) and ciprofloxacin (65.09%) while glycopeptides showed uniform susceptibility.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Though there was no drug resistance observed against vancomycin and linezolid, it’s wise to use these antibiotics safely as emerging resistance has been reported for these drugs from all over the world.

With the exploration of new building blocks, a series of small organic hole transporting materials (SOHTMs) are designed and synthesized through simple microwave irradiation and systematically investigated in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These V‐shaped SOHTMs having A–D–A architecture are endowed with low cost, better thermal stability, and good optical and electrochemical property, which respond to low indoor light and 1 sun illumination. The SOHTMs contain dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzofuran (DBF) as core donors substituted with heteroaromatic molecules like naphthalene and indole, which are coded as SPH 1–SPH 4. ss‐DSCs and PSCs with SPH 4 (with LiTFSI) as SOHTMs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) amounting to 5.2% and 15.4%, respectively, under 1 sun illumination. Moreover, the applications of ss‐DSCs and PSCs in indoor environments are studied. Due to the good match with the indoor light emitting diode (LED) source, SPH 4 delivered PCEs of 26.3% (for ss‐DSCs) and 23.9 % (for PSCs) under 1800 lux illumination, which are very close to the PCE values obtained for standard hole transporting materials (HTMs) like spiro‐OMeTAD. Thus, these new SOHTMs provide the ultimate solution for the fabrication of photovoltaic devices, resulting in superior PCE under indoor light.