Introduction: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective activity of 95% hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria Montana leaves against anti-TB drugs induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by anti-TB drugs once daily for 35 days and simultaneously 95% hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria Montana (250 & 500 mg/kg p.o.) was administered one hour prior administration of anti-TB drugs. Silymarin was used as standard drug (100 mg/kg p.o.). Results: Elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB & total cholesterol and decreased total HDL following anti-TB drugs administration. Pretreatment of 95% hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria Montana with anti-TB drugs were significantly reduced biochemical markers and increased total HDL. In vivo antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GRx were suppressed in hepatic control animals. Pre treatment of 95% hydroalcoholic extract of Barleria Montana with anti-TB drugs significantly reduced lipid per oxidation and increased antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The result of the present study was indicated that Barleria Montana showed protective effect on liver toxicity induced by anti-TB drugs might be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

Objective:The study was aimed at evaluating the folkloric use of the Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb) bark for its hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity against dexamethasone-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods:Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by dexamethasone administration 10 mg/kg, b. wt., s. c for 11 consecutive days to all group animals (except Group I). After confirmation of diabetes, the animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I: Vehicle control treated with normal saline only, Group II: Diabetic control treated with dexamethasone only, Group III: Standard control treated with dexamethasone plus glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o), Group IV and V: Test control received dexamethasone plus ethanolic extract of Catunaregam spinosa (EECS) at graded doses of 200 mg/kg, b. wt. and 400 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o for 21days respectively. On the last day of the experiment, the effect of Catunaregam spinosa bark was measured by estimating the biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Results:There was a significant alteration in the serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and tissue antioxidant parameters in dexamethasone-treated animals when compared to the normal control rats.In test groups treated with glibenclamide and EECS, it was significantly ameliorated the altered parameters such as serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and the antioxidant parameters like SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA when compared to dexamethasone-treated animals with evidence of histopathological studies of the pancreas. Conclusion:The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Catunaregam Spinosa (Thunb) bark has shown the hypoglycemic and antioxidant property.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Women with this syndrome may have infrequent menstrual periods due to excess androgen levels. It is important to make an early diagnosis in order to prevent early and late sequel of the syndrome. To assess the level of knowledge, awareness, prevalence and risk factors of PCOS among South Indian region, to identify factors that influenced the awareness, and to improve health care. This is a cross sectional online and offline study was conducted for a period of 8months (October 2021 to May 2022) among South Indian region womens whose age ranged between 18 to 45 years. Women demographic characteristics, reproductive health, knowledge, awareness, prevalence, risk factors of PCOS were analysed through an Online/Google form validated questionnaire. The outcomes of the study indicates that majority of the women 69.81 % (155) participants were under 20 years of age and 30.18% (67) were above 20 years of age, 73% (162) participants had good knowledge about PCOS, and 25.9% (42) participants were aware that menstrual irregularity is a symptom of PCOS. While only 16.2% (36) participants had believed that PCOS may lead to infertility, 13.1% (29) participants are believed that medications as treatment for PCOS, 3.2% (07) participants felt hypertension as risk factor of PCOS, 92.9% (206) participants felt none of them are risk factors of PCOS, and 41% (91) participants had believed that PCOS can treated with allopathy method. Conclusively, the present study observed that the current level of awareness on PCOS among the South-Indian population is still in low key though relatively better than past decades. With regard to knowledge and attitudes of PCOS, patients are still in the grey zone which could be overcome by extensive awareness programme. The present study emphasized the need to health education and awareness programmes to be incorporated in educational system improve to combat the low knowledge among rural population especially utilizing different sources, targeted approach to provide clear, appropriate and tangible information and preventive measures. Keywords: PCOS, excess androgens, menstrual irregularity, awareness, knowledge, prevalence and risk factors.

Background: Based on ayurvedic/folklore medicine majority of the medicinal plants are used for treatment of different ailments. Sophora interrupta as traditional medicine focused to do the research work for protection of renal injury. Aim: The present study was investigated the nephroprotective activity of Sophora interrupta bedd. against gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in wistar rats. Study Design Rats have received gentamicin (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 5 days of the study to induce nephrotoxicity along with test extract of Sophora interrupta bedd. at a dose of 200 &400 mg/kg, p.o. for 21 days. Urinary parameters like Creatinine, Urea, and Uric acid; Biochemical parameters like Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Creatinine, Total protein, and Albumin were measured along with tissue parameters and histopathological observations were carried out. Results: The test extracts Sophora interrupta bedd. showed a prominent protective role against the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity with significant (P=.001) restoration in abnormal plasma & urine biomarkers as compared to the gentamicin-induced group. Treatment with both the doses (200 & 400 mg/kg) of Sophoria extract showed significantly (P=.001; P=0.01) modified levels of antioxidant enzymes when compared to gentamicin-induced animals evidenced by structural restoration of the kidney. Conclusion: These findings concluded that, Sophora interrupta bedd. exhibits a protective role against Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.