With the aim of describing the structure and process by which prenatal care is provided at the primary health care level in the city of Pelotas in southern Brazil, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. All 31 urban health care facilities were visited and their structure analyzed. A total of 839 prenatal records from mothers who delivered in the six months prior to the beginning of the study were reviewed. The structure as a whole was classified as poor (only 70% of standard parameters were present), mainly due to deficiencies in the physical plant. Process assessment showed low coverage (53%) and an average of 5.3 visits. Only 37% of patient records showed adequate results (Kessner Index). Adding laboratory test results and routine procedures as complementary criteria, 31% and 5% of the records scored as adequate, respectively. In summary, overall quality of prenatal care provided at the primary health care level in Pelotas is poor. Mechanisms to increase staff adherence to both procedures and program logistics need to be developed.

Coverage rates were similar to those reported in other national studies, but this is the first report to examine the focus of the national program. We show that 8 of every 10 Pap tests were not necessary. Coverage levels remain unacceptably low among women of low socioeconomic status and those at greatest risk for cervical cancer.

ResumoFoi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores (DPM) e verificar sua associação com fatores de risco. A amostragem por conglomerados foi definida em estágios múltiplos, incluindo 1967 pessoas com idade entre 20 e 69 anos, identificadas em 40 setores censitários da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos domicílios, utilizando-se um questionário pré-codificado, contendo SRQ-20, informações socioeconômicas e demográ-ficas, presença de doenças crônicas, utilização de serviços de saúde, consumo de álco-ol, hábito de tabagismo e coleta de medidas antropométricas. A presença de DPM foi definida a partir de 6 e 7 respostas positivas no SRQ-20, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. A prevalência de DPM foi de 28,5%, com intervalo de confiança de 95% entre 26,5% e 30,5%. A prevalência foi maior nas pessoas inseridas nas classes sociais mais baixas, de menor renda, acima de 40 anos e do sexo feminino. Na análise ajustada, os distúrbios psiquiátricos menores mantiveramse associados com hábito de tabagismo, presença de doença crônica não transmissível e freqüência de consultas médicas. Os resultados indicam que as prevalências de DPM foram semelhantes a outros estudos realizados no município e atingem principalmente as camadas sociais mais baixas. Embora não tenham sido diferentes em relação ao tipo de serviço de saúde utilizado, mostraram associação com a freqüência de utilização de assistência médica, sugerindo que esses resultados possam orientar a formação de profissionais de saúde e o planejamento das ações de saúde.

This study aims to describe and identify factors associated with environmental quality and characteristics of children exposed to environmental risk factors in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This was a prospective, population-based study, including 630 children from the 1993 birth cohort. During the year 1998, environmental quality and other information were assessed using the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment. Data were submitted to univariate analysis. The association between the variables and the outcome was evaluated through prevalence ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and chi-square. Logistic regression was performed according to a hierarchical model. Some 97 children (15%) were living in negative environments. Eight risk factors were associated with environmental quality: low monthly family income, low maternal schooling, male gender, households with more than 7 members, 4 or more siblings, tobacco use during gestation, children sleeping in their parents' bed at age 4 years, and mothers with psychiatric disorders.

This study deals with adherence to tuberculosis treatment among men and women as well as the disease's links and consequences vis-à-vis life styles and treatment outcomes. The ethnographic study was a component of the Tuberculosis Epidemiological Control Project in the city of Pelotas and aimed to identify the reasons patients failed to complete treatment. Direct ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews were used. Use of the term "adherence" is justified by the concern for extending to other fundamental factors in addition to the patient's own individual responsibility. This approach fostered an understanding of views towards disease, social dynamics among the various protagonists involved in the disease process, and treatment. Some of the factors considered in adherence to treatment were: socio-demographic characteristics, cultural factors, popular beliefs, the cost-benefit relationship, physical and chemical aspects of the drugs, the physician-patient relationship, and level of family participation in treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the role of central adiposity, as evaluated by the measurement of waist circumference (WC), as an independent risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of a developing country. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Setting: A medium-sized town in southern Brazil. Participants: One thousand and ninety-five non-pregnant women, 20 to 69 years old, recruited by cluster random sampling between 1999 and 2000. Their mean WC was 85.3 cm (standard deviation 13.9 cm) and 23.3% (n ¼ 255) were obese (body mass index .30 kg m 22). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 25.6% (n ¼ 280) and 6.2% (n ¼ 68), respectively. Results: The risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly related to WC measurement. Women with WC . 80 cm had increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 6.2, P , 0.001). The association remained significant (OR ¼ 1.04 per cm increase in WC, P ¼ 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. The effect of WC on diabetes was modified by age. The effect was stronger in women younger than 40 years old (OR ¼ 12.7, P ¼ 0.016) than in those over 40 years old (OR ¼ 2.8, P ¼ 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 5.7 (P ¼ 0.12) in those under 40 years old and 2.8 (P ¼ 0.008) in older women. Conclusions: Waist circumference is an independent determinant for hypertension and diabetes in women in this population. The stronger association between WC and diabetes in younger women suggests that the validity of this indicator to assess abdominal adiposity is age-specific. Further studies should validate the usefulness of WC measurement in different age groups.

financial investment and FHS expansion had led to major reductions in the rate of hospitalizations owing to ambulatory care sensitive conditions.

Artigo submetido em 21.03.02, aceito em 22.01.03. ResumoObjetivos: estabelecer a incidência de cólica no lactente e seus determinantes.Métodos: entre maio e julho de 1999, a equipe de pesquisa visitou, diariamente, as três principais maternidades da cidade de Pelotas, RS, e todas as mulheres, após o parto, foram entrevistadas, e seus filhos acompanhados aos três meses. Definiu-se a criança com cólica conforme proposto por Wessel. Os possíveis fatores de risco avaliados foram: classe social, escolaridade materna, idade dos pais, tipo e tempo de relacionamento do casal, alterações no relacionamento na gestação, tipo de parto, história reprodutiva, qualidade do pré-natal, experiência anterior de aborto, natimorto ou recém-nascido prévio doente, sexo e tipo de alimentação do lactente. Realizouse o teste do qui-quadrado para comparações entre proporções e análise multivariada através de regressão logística não condicional.Resultados: conseguiu-se acompanhar 1.086 crianças das 1.195 identificadas. Na visita aos três meses, a incidência de cólica referida pela mãe foi de 80,1%. Entretanto, apenas 16,3% tinham apresentado cólica de acordo com os critérios de Wessel. Após a análise multivariada, as associações que permaneceram no modelo com desfecho de cólica foram: escolaridade materna, cesariana, idade paterna e amamentação. Mesmo após ajuste para fatores de confusão, as crianças desmamadas tiveram uma chance 1,86 vez maior de ter cólica do que aquelas ainda amamentadas (IC 95% 1,25-2,77).Conclusão: a maioria das mães não reconheceu corretamente a ocorrência de cólica de acordo com os critérios adotados. O aleitamento materno foi o principal fator de proteção contra o desenvolvimento de cólica.