ABSTRACT. The progressive increase in the size and weight of farm machinery causes concerns due to the increased risk of soil compaction that arises from non-organized vehicle traffic. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) offers
nowadays, it is familiar to designers to use a numerical method for design, optimization or verification of technical device parameters. The well-known software resources are built on principles of finite or boundary elements (or finite differences several years ago). These methods (especially the Finite Element Method -FEM) have been built on common basic principles; the most important is the Principle of Minimal Energy (described eg by R. P. Feynman in 1966).The basic ideas of the Principle of Minimal Energy will be presented in the paper, followed by practical examples. The reader will be able to follow the principle and build an understandable theory on professional numerical methods basics, theirs possible advantages and disadvantages and shortcomings. The main idea presented in the paper is based on very simple example -motion in the gravitational field of the earth.
Currently, we are experiencing an ever-increasing demand for high-quality transportation in the distinctive natural environment of forest roads, which can be characterized by significant weather changes. The need for more effective management of the forest roads environment, a more direct, rapid response to fire interventions and, finally, the endeavor to expand recreational use of the woods in the growth of tourism are among the key factors. A thorough collection of diagnostic activities conducted on a regular basis, as well as a dataset of long-term monitored attributes of chosen sections, are the foundations of successful road infrastructure management. Our main contribution to this problem is the design of a probe for measuring the temperature profile for utilization in stand-alone systems or as a part of an IoT solution. We have addressed the design of the mechanical and electrical parts with emphasis on the accuracy of the sensor layout in the probe. Based on this design, we developed a simulation model, and compared the simulation results with the experimental results. An experimental installation was carried out which, based on measurements to date, confirmed the proposed probe meets the requirements of practice and will be deployed in a forest road environment.
Sensory networks are part of a solution to monitor the required physical variables in the area of interest. Their type, the used communication protocol, plays an important role in the parameter of their complexity. One of the economical solutions is the usage of a 1-wire communication network that requires only 2 physical wires. The individual sensors or the nodes of the communication network are connected in parallel. The goal was to design and implement a universal low-power 1-wire bus module with a fully implemented 1-wire standard. As a platform for the development of such module, STM32-based microcontroller was chosen. The main advantage of this solution is the ability to utilize a sensor from a large variety of available sensors with a standardized communication interface. Our solution of the universal 1-wire module provides a single interface for sensors with different communication interfaces, while it still communicates with the standard 1-wire bus controller.
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