This paper presents a novel development of an ecological (eco) driving system for running a vehicle on roads with up-down slopes. Fuel consumed in a vehicle is greatly influenced by road gradients, aside from its velocity and acceleration characteristics. Therefore, optimum control inputs can only be computed through anticipated rigorous reasoning using information concerning road terrain, model of the vehicle dynamics, and fuel consumption characteristics. In this development, a nonlinear model predictive control method with a fast optimization algorithm is implemented to derive the vehicle control inputs based on road gradient conditions obtained from digital road maps. The fuel consumption model of a typical vehicle is formulated using engine efficiency characteristics and used in the objective function to ensure fuel economy driving. The proposed eco-driving system is simulated on a typical road with various shapes of up-down slopes. Simulation results reveal the ability of the eco-driving system in significantly reducing fuel consumption of a vehicle. The fuel saving behavior is graphically illustrated, compared, and analyzed to focus on the significance of this development.
Recently, many methods of evolutionary computation such as Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Genetic Programming(GP) have been developed as a basic tool for modeling and optimizing the complex systems. Generally speaking, GA has the genome of string structure, while the genome in GP is the tree structure. Therefore, GP is suitable to construct the complicated programs, which can be applied to many real world problems. But, GP might be sometimes difficult to search for a solution because of its bloat.In this paper, a new evolutionary method named Genetic Network Programming(GNP), whose genome is network structure is proposed to overcome the low searching efficiency of GP and is applied to the problem on the evolution of behaviors of ants in order to study the effectiveness of GNP. In addition, the comparison of the performances between GNP and GP is carried out in simulations on ants behaviors.
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