Electric fields, which can promote the approach of droplets and break the liquid film, are extensively used in the separation of the water phase in water-in-oil emulsions. However, there is an evolution of droplet behavior under an electric field. After the two droplets meet with each other, the electric force becomes undesirable, which would even cause breakup of the merged droplet. When the electric field strength E reaches a particular value, the final behavior of droplets is made, which goes against coalescence, and there are lots of behavior evolution types. Several research studies have studied on whether droplets coalesce and the critical condition, but few works have focused on the classification and mechanism of non-coalescence behaviors. In this paper, the behavior evolution of two single droplets suspended in castor oil under an alternating current electric field is studied by a high−speed camera. Six distinct behavior evolution modes are observed and summarized: coalescence, bounce, partial coalescence, partial rupture, coalescence−rupture, and rupture. The behavior evolution mode is influenced by the initial separation distance s 0 between droplets and the electric field strength. Moreover, there exist critical electric field strengths among different behavior evolution modes. As E gradually increases, two water droplets go through coalescence, partial coalescence, and coalescence−rupture in sequence when s 0 is small and coalescence, bounce, partial rupture, and rupture when s 0 is large. The mechanisms of behavior evolution are revealed by investigating the confrontation between electric force and capillary force in the condition with liquid bridge or pressure difference from the surrounding fluid and electric force in the condition without a liquid bridge. In addition, a cone−dimple mode of water droplets in castor oil is found, demonstrating the rationality of electric force theory.

Exhaustive data of myo-inositol solution at different temperatures, including the solubility, saturation ratio, refractive index, density, and viscosity, were measured in this work. Considering the cooling crystallization of myo-inositol, supersaturated solutions were used at 303.2−323.2 K, and unsaturated solutions were used at 328.2−353.2 K. To reduce the tedious data measurement process, novel data fitting strategies were proposed in this work. According to these strategies, models used to calculate the physical data and the saturation ratio were obtained by fitting. In these models, only the temperature and the refractive index, which could be quickly and accurately measured by instruments, were used as input variables. The calculated values from the new models were compared with experimental data and calculated values from empirical models. Root-mean-square deviation and average relative deviation were also used as evaluation indicators. As the results showed, in the myo-inositol−water system, models in this work were better than empirical models in most parts. The results obtained in this work are instructive for the cooling crystallization process of myo-inositol and inspiring to fitting model of physical data.

Artificial photosynthesis is a feasible solution for obtaining hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a clean fuel and an ecologically beneficial oxidant. The reductive synthesis of H2O2 from O2 combined with the oxidative synthesis of value-added products is particularly attractive from an economic standpoint. In a benzyl alcohol (BA)/water two-phase system, we used PhC2Ag, a hydrophobic silver-based coordination polymer, to achieve the photocatalytic generation of H2O2. PhC2Ag’s hydrophobic nature allows it to well disperse in the BA rather than consume H2O2 in water. To study the optical, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical properties, different precursor aqueous solution approaches have been designed to synthesize PhC2Ag (AC) and PhC2Ag (N). It is found that PhC2Ag (AC) showed apparent quantum yields of 8.62% at 420 nm. This work demonstrated that a low-pH aqueous solution and by simply decreasing the volume of the aqueous phase are beneficial for H2O2 synthesis. The applications of hydrophobic photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic energy generation have been substantially expanded.

The phase equilibrium of MnSO 4 in water-alcohol solution is indispensable for the separation and purification of MnSO 4 based on solvent-out effects. To investigate the phase behavior of MnSO 4 in water-alcohol solution, the phase equilibrium of CH 3 CH 2 OH + MnSO 4 + H 2 O systems at 303.15 and 313.15 K and the (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH + MnSO 4 + H 2 O system at 303.15 K has been determined. Five regions, namely, L (liquid), L 1 + S (liquid 1 + solid), L 1 + L 2 (liquid 1 + liquid 2), L 1 + L 2 + S (liquid 1 + liquid 2 + solid), and L 2 + S (liquid 2 + solid), are observed. Furthermore, the effects of alcohol types and temperatures on the formation of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are discussed in detail. It is found that the three experimental systems are partially miscible systems. The (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH + MnSO 4 + H 2 O system has a larger split phase region and better solvent-out effect than the CH 3 CH 2 OH + MnSO 4 + H 2 O systems. Meanwhile, the temperature has a slight influence on the phase behavior and the formation of ATPSs. The solubility of MnSO 4 decreases with an increasing alcohol concentration. In addition, the relationship between the w(MnSO 4 ) and w(alcohols) of the binodal curves is obtained based on the Mistry equation, Merchuk equation, and Pirdashti equation. The NRTL model is applied to fit the liquid−liquid equilibrium. The correlation coefficients show that the experimental data is in good agreement with the calculated values. It is worth mentioning that the equilibrium solid phase is MnSO 4 •H 2 O. This work provides basic data for manganese sulfate purification and can be applied to develop thermodynamic models of ATPSs. ■ HIGHLIGHTS• The phase equilibrium of MnSO 4 in different alcohols and temperatures was studied. • The obtained LLE data was regressed by the NRTL equation.• The effects of antisolvents and temperatures on the phase behavior were discussed. • The isopropanol system has a larger split phase region and better solvent-out effect.

Iron-based Prussian blue materials have the potential to be used as low-cost, simple-to-synthesize, and highcapacity cathode materials for large-scale energy storage sodiumion batteries. However, in order to obtain high-capacity sodium storage Prussian blue materials, the currently used high-energy hydrothermal method or interstitial coprecipitation method is difficult to meet large-scale energy storage applications. The electrochemical performance of the product is highly dependent on the crystallization process. In this work, a simple stator−rotor reactor (RSSDR) reactor and precipitation transformation were used to improve the crystallization and precipitation process of iron-based Prussian blue, and continuous production was realized. The effects of particles with different morphologies on the products after aging were investigated, and the specific capacity (162.4 mAh g −1 at 34 mA g −1 ) and cycle retention rate (capacity retention of 64.97% for 200 cycles at the current density of 170 mA g −1 ) of iron-based Prussian blue were improved. Overall, this work provides a strategy to continuously produce iron-based Prussian blue sodium-ion cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance through improving the crystallization process.